Pulmonology

Associations between body composition and radiotherapy-related side-effects and health-related quality of life in patients with prostate or lung cancer: sub-analysis of the REQUITE trial.

BACKGROUND: Body composition is emerging as a prognostic biomarker in cancer and may be associated with treatment tolerance, side-effects, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). It can be measured from imaging routinely acquired during patient care. We evaluated whether body composition metrics were associated with radiotherapy-related side-effects and HRQoL in patients with prostate or lung ...

TACE-induced liver injury in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms, prediction, and prevention in the era of gut microbiota and inflammasome research.

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a cornerstone locoregional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet most candidates also have cirrhosis. That makes TACE a balancing act: controlling tumor progression while protecting a liver with limited functional reserve, often over multiple sessions. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on TACE-induced liver injury (TACE-LI), with...

Interstitial lung disease pattern recognition on full high resolution computed tomography volume: Development and evaluation of a decision-support tool for less-experimented radiologists.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) tool to assist recognition of three major interstitial lung disease ...

Machine learning models to predict ICU admission of patients with COPD and depression: A retrospective cohort study.

This study aimed to develop and validate a machine learning (ML)-based predictive model to identify risk factors associated with intensive care unit (...

Shared decision-making in radiology: leadership levers for patient-centred imaging.

BACKGROUND: Shared decision-making (SDM) is a cornerstone of patient-centred care, yet it has been underused in radiology. OBJECTIVE: To translate res...

Thermally activated defect tolerance of the oxygen vacancies in CeO2 revealed by machine-learning molecular dynamics.

Thermal instability and uncontrolled defect dynamics continue to be major obstacles to the reliable functioning of oxide-based energy materials under ...

Explainable AI in Electrocatalysis and Photocatalysis: From Catalyst Design to Mechanistic Insights.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has progressed across multiple scientific disciplines, particularly transforming catalytic science by enabling data-drive...

A smear test aiding with an automated slide reader acquires equivalent sensitivity to MGIT960 culture in pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis.

UNLABELLED: Smear microscopy remains widely used for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis due to its rapid turnaround and low cost, despite its relatively low ...

Augmenting Pediatric Care With Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities and Responsibilities for Nurse Practitioners.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a critical tool for nurse practitioners delivering pediatric and adolescent and young adult (A...

Electrochemical and optical biosensors as transformative tools for multiplex detection of influenza viruses.

The influenza viruses (IVs) are major public health risk, causing immense seasonal infections, severe illness, and respiratory deaths yearly. Rapid, a...

NOX4 promotes cardiomyocyte ferroptosis-related injury in septic cardiomyopathy in associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired NRF2 nuclear translocation.

Septic cardiomyopathy is a common early complication of sepsis, and its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, we integr...

Advance Learning in Oncology - A CT Imaging Dataset of Lung Nodule Metastases from Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors.

Bone and soft tissue tumors (BSTTs) are prone to metastasize to the lungs to form pulmonary nodules, which are quite different from other metastatic n...

Diagnosing lung disorder and optimal classification using dense convolution (Dc)-CapsNet technique.

Lung carcinoma is regarded as lung cancer and is the usual form of cancers worldwide. It cannot be diagnosed easily until it spreads and is regarded a...

CT-based radiomics as a non-invasive virtual biopsy for high PD-L1 expression prediction in non-small cell lung cancer.

PURPOSE: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a major clinical challenge, with Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression serving as a crucial...

Integrated NEK7-inflammasome and platelet transcriptomic signature generates mechanistic hypotheses in heart failure.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between NEK7-NLRP3 inflammasome activation and elevated platelet activity in the progression of heart failure (HF) is not...

Artificial intelligence-based prediction of diseases among homeless populations in Bogotá: Implications for targeted interventions.

BACKGROUND: The homeless population in Bogotá exhibits complex social and health vulnerabilities, with a high prevalence of chronic and communicable d...

Enhancing breath-based diagnostics through eXplainable Artificial Intelligence.

Breath analysis is emerging as a non-invasive and promising diagnostic approach capable of assessing a patient's metabolic state by detecting volatile...

[A two-stage model for predicting postoperative pulmonary infection in esophageal cancer patients].

Postoperative pulmonary infection (PPI) after esophageal cancer surgery occurs frequently and severely impairs patients' prognosis. Most existing pred...

[Research on electrical impedance tomography for pediatric pneumonia based on an improved radial basis function neural network].

In the diagnosis of pediatric pneumonia, the weak conductivity contrast of lung tissues leads to limited image resolution in electrical impedance tomo...

Delta radiomics for predicting early radiation-induced lung injury after thoracic radiotherapy: a retrospective paired-CT study.

PURPOSE: Early radiation-induced lung injury remains a clinically relevant complication after thoracic radiotherapy. We compared pretreatment, posttre...