Pulmonology

Exploring the Lung-Liver Axis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

The liver's contribution to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) pathogenesis remains unclear. We hypothesized that the liver promotes inflammatory injury to the pulmonary endothelium. PAH patients without liver disease with pulmonary artery endothelial cell (PAEC) biopsies were included. Unsupervised CART analysis of liver serologies identified subclinical dysfunction clusters; machine-learning ...

Fully Automated Quantification of Functional Small Airway Disease at Inspiratory and Expiratory Chest CT Using Deep Learning.

Purpose To evaluate the accuracy and time efficiency of a deep learning (DL)-based tool for automated quantification of functional small airway disease (fSAD) at chest CT compared with a conventional semimanual method. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included paired inspiratory and expiratory chest CT examinations performed from January 2016 to July 2022, with fSAD defined according...

Deep learning for automatic segmentation of the inferior alveolar nerve using a hybrid CNN-transformer framework.

Accurate identification of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is essential for preventing nerve injury during dental and maxillofacial procedures such ...

Integrated Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Experimental Validation for Uncovering the Pharmacodynamic Basis of Sanghuang against Human Pulmonary Fibrosis.

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Sanghuang, a traditional Chinese medicinal fungus, exhibits well-documented anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor acti...

Quantitative MRI of pediatric chronic kidney disease and renal fibrosis: potential non-invasive clinical biomarkers.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is a rare but serious condition characterized by progressive renal dysfunction and a range of systemic compli...

Optimizing cervical breath sound acquisition protocol in dysphagia patients: an orthogonal experimental study.

BACKGROUND: Dysphagia is a highly prevalent condition among patients with stroke. Cervical auscultation serves as a crucial screening method for dysph...

Advancing child health: forecasting the next great research achievements.

Advances in pediatric research have improved the lives of infants, children, adolescents, and society at large. A decade ago the American Academy of P...

Evaluating Elicit's systematic reviews workflow in an umbrella review on air pollution and acute lower respiratory infections: a methodological study for quality appraisal.

BACKGROUND: The exponential growth of scientific publications has increased the complexity of evidence synthesis. Systematic reviews remain essential ...

Machine learning prediction of long-term postoperative pneumonia risk: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pneumonia is a significant complication, highlighting a patient's ongoing vulnerability. While traditional tools focus on sh...

ABCC2 as a novel therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma: a machine learning-driven discovery linking ammonia metabolism to prognosis and drug resistance.

BACKGROUND: Ammonia, long regarded as a metabolic waste product, has recently been recognized as a pivotal oncometabolite in the tumor microenvironmen...

Pediatric post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Taiwan: Insights from the DISCOVER cohort.

The post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), or long COVID, represent a multifaceted challenge in pediatric populations, characterized by s...

The heart's fibrous web: A bibliometric analysis of cardiac fibrosis in Asia and Oceania.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac fibrosis is a pathophysiologic condition in heart diseases. It refers to an excess deposition of extracellular matrix, which will ...

An integrated computational-experimental approach identifies Malate Synthase G as therapeutic target to disrupt carbon metabolism in chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of nosocomial infections, particularly in individuals with a compromised immune system. Due to its strong ad...

Explainable machine learning for estimation of elevated left ventricular filling pressure: a multicenter validation.

BACKGROUND: Guideline-recommended algorithms (GL-algorithm) often results in indeterminate left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP). Despite high accu...

3D-Printed Conductive Aerogel Humidity Sensor for Advanced Wearable Sleep and Health Monitoring.

Recent advances in personalized sleep medicine and home-based health monitoring have grown rapidly, yet progress remains limited by the lack of comfor...

Assessment system for short-term lower cranial nerve dysfunction following medulla oblongata glioma surgery: risk stratification and optimal surgical strategy.

OBJECTIVE: Medullary gliomas pose significant surgical risks, particularly the risk of postoperative lower cranial nerve (LCN) dysfunction, which prof...

Development and validation of a machine learning-based diagnostic system for 22 pediatric respiratory pathogens: a large-scale multicenter study.

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a significant cause of morbidity in children, caused by a wide range of pathogens. As treatment strategies dep...

Artificial intelligence-based models in predicting acute exacerbations and diagnosing pediatric asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the performance of artificial intelligence (AI)-based models in diagnosing pediatric asthm...

The Tip of the Iceberg: Pathway Biology Must Anchor the Next Generation of Critical Care Trials.

Heterogeneity of treatment effect has yielded decades of negative critical care trials. Syndromic diagnoses like sepsis and acute respiratory distress...

Platinum-based high-entropy alloys for electrocatalysis: preparation, applications and prospects.

Platinum-based high-entropy alloys (Pt-HEAs), composed of multiple principal elements in near-equiatomic ratios, have emerged as a transformative clas...