Pulmonology

Exploratory Analysis of Electrical Impedance Tomography Features Associated with Spirometric Airflow Limitation.

Introduction: Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a noninvasive, radiation-free imaging modality that provides real-time information on regional lung ventilation from wearable sensors. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent respiratory disease causing persistent and progressive airway obstruction. The diagnosis is based primarily on spirometry, in which a Tiffeneau...

Multi-level Transcriptomic and Machine-learning Analyses Identify MZT1 as a Proliferation-associated Prognostic Marker in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) exhibits substantial molecular heterogeneity and variable clinical outcomes, highlighting the need for biomarkers that reflect core tumor biological processes. Centrosome-associated proteins regulate mitotic fidelity and genome stability, yet their roles in LUAD remain incompletely defined. In this study, we systematically characterized mitotic spindle or...

Deep Learning-Based Automated Versus Manual Snoring Scoring in Sleep Disordered Breathing.

OBJECTIVES: Snoring is a major acoustic manifestation of upper airway obstruction and an indicator of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). However, objec...

Letter to the Editor: Artificial Intelligence in Respiratory Medicine: Epistemic Authority, Trust and Responsibility in Practice and in Training.

Noninvasive Classification of Advanced Liver Fibrosis Using Clinical Data and Non-Contrast MRI: Fusion of Clinical, Radiomic, and Deep Learning Models.

Noninvasive identification of advanced liver fibrosis (ALF), commonly defined as Scheuer stage S3 or higher, is important for the management of patien...

Comparison of artificial intelligence and multidisciplinary team assessment for evaluating biologic decisions in severe uncontrolled asthma.

BACKGROUND: The management of severe asthma with biologics has become more complex involving multidisciplinary team meetings. Artificial intelligence ...

A Deep Learning Framework to Classify Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma arising in Oral Submucous Fibrosis using Whole-slide Images.

OBJECTIVES: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic and progressive potentially malignant disorder with an increased risk of transformation to oral...

Deep Learning Algorithm-Reconstructed Triple-Rule-Out CT: Image Quality and Performance in Evaluating Coronary Lumen Stenosis.

To assess radiation burden and contrast medium load, image quality, and the performance of AI-reader and junior radiologists in evaluating coronary st...

Resolution-Aware Evidential Fusion for Scale-Invariant Attribution in 3D Lung Nodule Detection.

Post hoc attribution is the standard transparency layer for deep learning in imaging decision support, yet its two dominant families capture conflicti...

A Review of the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Scoping Review Study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: ECMO is used to deliver cardiopulmonary support in extreme failure where standard therapies are unfruitful. Although ECMO is asso...

Artificial intelligence in Latin American hepatology: current evidence, implementation barriers, and strategic priorities.

Chronic liver diseases are an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in Latin America, driven by the convergence of alcohol and metabolic-associa...

Feasibility of reducing radiation dose and contrast dose while improving image quality in dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography : Use of low-energy virtual monochromatic images with deep learning image reconstruction algorithm.

BACKGROUND: We explored the feasibility of reducing both radiation and contrast doses while improving image quality using low-energy virtual monochrom...

Non-Oncology Biomarkers in Precision Medicine: A Narrative Review.

Precision medicine has revolutionized oncology by leveraging biomarkers for individualized therapy selection, early diagnosis, and real-time disease m...

Integrative single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analysis reveals 4-HNE-related stromal remodeling in lung adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: 4-HNE is a lipid peroxidation product involved in oxidative stress, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and tumor progression. This study a...

Associations of cumulative exposure and longitudinal trajectories of neurofilament light chain with 1-year adverse events in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Baseline neurofilament light chain (NFL) predicts amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) outcomes, but it does not summarize early repeated b...

Real-Time Dynamic Prediction of Mortality and Renal Replacement Therapy After Cardiac Surgery Using a Time-Series Deep Learning Model.

OBJECTIVE: Predicting postoperative deterioration following cardiac surgery remains challenging. Conventional risk scores rely on static variables and...

Automated artificial intelligence performance for longitudinal pulmonary nodule matching in lung cancer screening.

Accurate longitudinal nodule matching is a critical technical prerequisite for automated growth rate (volume doubling time) assessment in lung cancer ...

Risk Assessment in MASLD and MetALD: Current Approaches and Future Directions.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD) exist on a conti...

The LoVe score: Development and validation of a bedside clinical index to identify patients at risk for prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation.

BACKGROUND: Early management decisions after intubation, such as humidification strategy or initiation of prevention bundles for ventilator-associated...

Myocardial Fibrosis in Pediatric Heart Disease: Mechanisms, Imaging Biomarkers, Clinical Consequences, and Emerging Antifibrotic Therapies.

Myocardial fibrosis is increasingly recognized as a central determinant of adverse cardiac remodeling and long-term cardiovascular outcomes in childre...