Pulmonology

Inspiratory muscle training devices for chronic lung disease management: current evidence and future directions.

INTRODUCTION: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is a potential adjunct therapy to improve inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, exercise capacity, health-related quality of life (HRQL) and symptoms in chronic lung diseases. A growing number of IMT devices are commercially available; however, their mechanisms, utilization, and supporting evidence vary. AREAS COVERED: This narrative review summ...

Heterojunction-Engineered Mass Spectrometry Platform for Deciphering Serum Metabolic Fingerprints in Diagnosis of Respiratory Diseases.

Respiratory diseases, including bronchial asthma (BA), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease (ILD), and lung cancer (LCa), pose a major global health challenge due to overlapping symptoms that frequently delay accurate diagnosis. Although metabolomics-based molecular phenotyping offers a promising path forward, its application in clinical treatment is limited by t...

Development and external validation of an interpretable machine-learning model for HFpEF comorbidity risk in COPD patients.

BACKGROUND: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) frequently coexist, leading to inc...

Metabolomics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) assisted metabolomics in the diagnosis of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections: progress and challenges.

BACKGROUND: Non tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections are caused in individuals who are immunocompromised or with certain lung conditions. The NT...

Emerging Therapeutic Paradigms in Tuberculosis: Nanocarriers, Host-Directed Strategies, and Translational Pharmacology.

TB remains a significant global health burden due to protracted therapeutic courses, poor patient compliance, and toxicities associated with drug trea...

Multiple Targets and Pathways Non-Monotonically Regulate Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Migration in Response to Phthalates.

Phthalates (PAEs) are widely used plasticizers that are increasingly linked to tumorigenesis. In this study, we integrated network toxicology and mach...

Machine learning reveals proteome-encoded growth determinants underlying metabolic versatility of Rhodopseudomonas palustris on lignin-derived aromatics.

Lignin depolymerization generates mixtures of aromatic compounds that are promising carbon sources for microbial bioconversion, yet the constraints go...

Machine Learning-Based Prediction Model for Infectious Complications in Trauma and Its Association With In-Hospital Mortality.

BACKGROUND: Infectious complications, such as sepsis or catheter-related infections, are common and serious sequelae after trauma. Despite their clini...

Imaging and AI in tertiary prevention of lung cancer: Narrative review and clinical perspectives.

OBJECTIVE: To provide a structured narrative review of current evidence and future directions for artificial intelligence (AI) applications in the ter...

A temporal deep learning algorithm for prediction of extubation failures in critical care patients.

Extubation failure in ICU patients is associated with poor outcomes. Existing prediction models often rely on static data, missing dynamic disease flu...

Breaking Atomic Fe-N4 Symmetry in Aerogel Catalysts by Nitrogen and Chlorine Doping for Enhancing Oxygen Reduction.

The growing demand for metal-air batteries and fuel cells has spurred extensive research into low-cost, highly efficient, noble-metal-free electrocata...

Cough Audio Recognition for Early Detection of Respiratory Diseases: Algorithm Development and Validation Study.

BACKGROUND: Coughing is a common clinical symptom and a protective respiratory reflex closely associated with various respiratory system diseases. The...

Spermidine suppresses liver fibrosis by remodeling the communication signal between liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatic stellate cells.

Hepatic fibrosis is a pivotal stage in which chronic liver disease progresses from reversible injury to decompensation. Liver sinusoidal endothelial c...

Commercial AI for CT lung cancer screening: product capabilities, coverage of nodule management tasks and supporting evidence.

OBJECTIVES: To characterize the capabilities of CE-marked AI products for lung nodule analysis in lung cancer screening (LCS), quantify their coverage...

Machine learning and SHAP-based risk assessment of PICC-related bloodstream infections in premature infants at the time of clinical suspicion.

BACKGROUND: Peripherally inserted central catheter-related bloodstream infections (PICC-CRBSI) pose a serious threat to preterm infants. This study ai...

PneumoScore: Risk Prediction Model for 90-Day Mortality After Lung Resection.

BACKGROUND: Lung resection is the gold-standard treatment for early stage lung cancer, but remains associated with significant mortality, highlighting...

Pediatric lung ground glass nodules: a real-world, large-scale CT cohort analysis.

BACKGROUND: Increasing detection of pediatric ground-glass nodules (GGNs) presents a clinical dilemma lacking robust evidence and guidelines. We aimed...

Hybrid model based on fuzzy logic and classification trees for the prediction of mortality of critical trauma patients: Pre-hospital variables from the RETRAUCI registry.

BACKGROUND: In critically injured trauma patients, tools that stratify injury severity and estimate mortality are essential. Fuzzy logic (FL) enables ...

Deep Learning Morphometric Analysis on Protocol Biopsies Predicts Future Graft Function.

INTRODUCTION: The predictive value of Banff classification in protocol transplant biopsies without specific lesions is limited. Morphometry provides p...

Association between the endothelial activation and stress index and 28-day all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective cohort study and predictive model establishment based on machine learning.

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a major global health burden and is currently the third leading cause of death worldw...