Pulmonology

AI-ICE Guided Pulsed Field Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation with Variable Loop Circular Catheter.

BACKGROUND: Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) facilitates left atrial (LA) reconstruction during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. The artificial intelligence-based CARTOSOUND FAM (AIFAM) module enables automated three-dimensional LA reconstruction without the need for a dedicated pre-ablation mapping catheter. While this workflow has been described previously in radiofrequency ablation, its ap...

Therapeutic hybrid intelligence with neural and knowledge-based expert reasoning for SRS (THINKERS): an AI model for lung cancer brain metastases.

BACKGROUND: Prescription dose selection for lung brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) remains largely guided by generalized practice patterns rather than tumor-specific modeling of local failure dynamics. We developed a Therapeutic Hybrid Intelligence with Neural and Knowledge-based Expert Reasoning for SRS (THINKERS), an artificial intelligence framework for personalized ...

Incremental Diagnostic Value of Clinical Information for Large Language Models Across Multiple Organs: Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND: Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated the ability to generate the impression section from radiology findings automatical...

MicroRNAs as novel therapeutics against multidrug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens: mechanisms, challenges, and future directions.

BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) ESKAPE pathogens, including Enterococcus faecium, S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, P. ...

De Novo Design of a Protein Binder to Probe Gas Channel and Enhance the Oxygen Tolerance of [NiFe]-Hydrogenase.

[NiFe]-Hydrogenases display remarkable catalytic efficiency for H2 production and oxidation but are sensitive to O2, which severely restricts their bi...

Integrated bulk and single-cell transcriptomic analyses identify senescence-related hub genes and microenvironmental remodeling in sarcopenia.

Increasing evidence indicates that cellular senescence, metabolic dysfunction, stromal remodeling, and immune perturbation collectively contribute to ...

Bioinformatics and Machine-Learning Identification of Pulmonary Hypertension Biomarkers and Candidate Therapeutic Compounds.

This study aimed to identify pulmonary hypertension (PH)-associated molecular biomarkers and candidate small-molecule compounds using public transcrip...

Machine Learning Modeling for Predicting Mortality in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Elective Noncardiac Surgery: Comparison to a Regression Model.

BACKGROUND: Perioperative mortality in children is relatively rare; however, accurate preoperative risk stratification is critical, as it enables anti...

[Development and validation of an explainable machine learning-based model for predicting mortality risk in polytrauma patients].

Polytrauma is commonly defined as multisystem trauma involving at least two body regions with an Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score ≥ 3, characteriz...

A Rasch-based analysis comparing the performance of updated multimodal large language models and surgeons on the Japanese surgical specialist examination.

PURPOSE: To compare four multimodal large language models (LLMs) with surgeons on the 2023 Japanese Surgical Specialist Examination using item-level s...

Artificial Intelligence-Derived Myocardial Fibrosis on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for Prognosis in Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review of a Sparse Evidence Base.

BACKGROUND: Myocardial fibrosis on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), assessed by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and parametric mapping, is a...

Training-free motion correction for cardiac T1 mapping using DINOv3 features.

Cardiac T1 mapping is susceptible to respiratory motion, particularly due to the substantial contrast variations and signal inversions across differen...

Optimizing gadolinium-enhanced CNS MRI: From physics to clinical practice.

Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are essential for the evaluation of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, enhancing lesion detection, chara...

Identifying and addressing problematic studies in allergy and asthma research: a commentary.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) underpin evidence-based medicine, but a growing proportion of trials contain implausible, inaccurate, or fabricate...

Pulmonary Artery-to-Vein Volume Difference: A New Imaging Biomarker for Risk Stratification in Acute Pulmonary Embolism.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To propose a new imaging biomarker, the pulmonary artery-to-vein volume difference (PAVVD), and evaluate its efficacy in ris...

The promise of quantitative approaches to computed tomography imaging in pulmonary sarcoidosis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterized by marked radiologic heterogeneity and limited reproducibility of visual high-resolution com...

Artificial intelligence applications in radiology: the new frontier in interstitial lung diseases.

BACKGROUND: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders with diverse clinical behaviors, for which early diagnosis, a...

Breathing Life into Data: A Critical Review of Artificial Intelligence and Computational Modelling in COPD Precision Management.

The escalating global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has outpaced the capacity of conventional management paradigms to deliver...

Integrating CBC-derived Inflammatory Biomarkers with Machine Learning for Discriminating Stable and Exacerbated COPD.

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading health burden and global cause of mortality. This study aimed to assess routine ...

Radiologic, Pathologic, and Deep Learning Predictors of Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Undergoing Post-Treatment Nephrectomy.

Response assessment of primary kidney tumors in the consolidation cytoreductive and neoadjuvant settings offers a unique opportunity to inform postope...