Radiology

The use of artificial intelligence to improve detection of acute incidental pulmonary emboli.

BACKGROUND: Incidental pulmonary emboli (IPE) are frequently overlooked by radiologists. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have been developed to aid detection of pulmonary emboli. OBJECTIVES: To measure diagnostic performance of AI compared with prospective interpretation by radiologists. METHODS: A commercially available AI algorithm was used to retrospectively review 14 453 contrast-enhan...

Fingernail-based metabolomics reveals a stepwise decline in dodecanoic acid associated with Alzheimer's disease progression.

BACKGROUND: Fingernail metabolomics provides a novel, non-invasive platform that captures long-term biochemical fluctuations for identifying reliable biomarkers for dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: A total of 199 participants were enrolled and stratified according to Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scores (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3). Fingernail clippi...

Deep Learning Reconstruction for T2 Weighted Turbo-Spin-Echo Imaging of the Pelvis: Prospective Comparison With Standard T2-Weighted TSE Imaging With Respect to Image Quality, Lesion Depiction, and Acquisition Time.

PURPOSE: In pelvic MRI, Turbo Spin Echo (TSE) pulse sequences are used for T2-weighted imaging. However, its lengthy acquisition time increases the po...

Integrating Time and Frequency Domain Features of fMRI Time Series for Alzheimer's Disease Classification Using Graph Neural Networks.

Accurate and early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is crucial for timely interventions and treatment advancement. Functional Magnetic Resonance ...

A machine learning-driven transcriptomic study reveals the key role of Romo1 in reversing central sensitization through stellate ganglion block in migraine: An interventional study based on a recurrent migraine rat model.

OBJECTIVES/BACKGROUND: This study utilized a nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced chronic migraine rat model to explore the therapeutic effects and underlying ...

Coronary CT angiography evaluation with artificial intelligence for individualized medical treatment of atherosclerosis: a Consensus Statement from the QCI Study Group.

Coronary CT angiography is widely implemented, with an estimated 2.2 million procedures in patients with stable chest pain every year in Europe alone....

U-Net and YOLOv8 Artificial Intelligence Models for Automated Recognition of Internal Jugular Veins and Radial Arteries: A Foundational Study for Artificial Intelligence-guided Vascular Cannulation inPoint-of-care Ultrasound.

OBJECTIVES: This study compares the U-Net and You Only Look Once version 8 (YOLOv8) models for identifying internal jugular veins (IJVs) and radial ar...

Classification of Brain Tumors in MRI Images with Brain-CNXSAMNet: Integrating Hybrid ConvNeXt and Spatial Attention Module Networks.

Brain tumors (BT) can cause fatal outcomes by affecting body functions, making precise early detection via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinatio...

Computer-aided diagnosis of DDH using ultrasound: deep learning for segmentation and accurate angle measurement aligned with radiologist's clinical workflow.

AIMS: A computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for automated evaluation of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) via ultrasound, integrating Deep Le...

Machine learning-based MRI imaging for prostate cancer diagnosis: systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of machine learning-based MRI imaging in differentiating benign and malignant prostate can...

A Dynamic Machine Learning Model to Predict Angiographic Vasospasm After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to develop a highly precise, dynamic machine learning model centered on daily transcranial Doppl...

Pre-interventional transesophageal echocardiography as a reliable predictor of residual shunt following patent foramen ovale closure.

BACKGROUND: Closure of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is an effective strategy in the prevention of recurrent stroke after cryptogenic stroke. Residual ...

AI Prognostication in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review.

The systematic literature review was performed on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) prognosticat...

A Participatory Artificial Intelligence Driven Shift-Scheduling Application for Improving Sleep Among Shift-Working Caregivers: A 4-Month Non-Randomised Controlled Study With Cross-Over Design.

Here, we examine the effectiveness of a participatory artificial intelligence (AI)-driven shift-scheduling mobile application (which reflects the loca...

Early breast cancer detection via infrared thermography using a CNN enhanced with particle swarm optimization.

Breast cancer remains the most prevalent cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide, with an estimated incidence exceeding 500,000 new ca...

Accelerated brain magnetic resonance imaging with deep learning reconstruction: a comparative study on image quality in pediatric neuroimaging.

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial in pediatric radiology; however, the prolonged scan time is a major drawback that often requir...

The role of neuro-imaging in multiple system atrophy.

Neuroimaging plays a crucial role in diagnosing multiple system atrophy and monitoring progressive neurodegeneration in this fatal disease. Advanced M...

AI-powered disease progression prediction in multiple sclerosis using magnetic resonance imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Disability progression despite disease-modifying therapy remains a major challenge in multiple sclerosis (MS). Artificial intelligence (AI...

Cost-effectiveness analysis of artificial intelligence (AI) in earlier detection of liver lesions in cirrhotic patients at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Italy.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer-related death. Cirrhosi...

Diffusion-weighted imaging in rectal cancer MRI from theory to practice.

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has become a cornerstone of high-resolution rectal MRI, providing critical functional information that complements T2...