Tuberculosis

Dynamics of Th1/Th17 responses and antimicrobial pathways in leprosy skin lesions.

BACKGROUND: Reversal reactions (RR) in leprosy are acute immune episodes marked by inflammation and bacterial clearance, offering a model to study the dynamics of host responses to Mycobacterium leprae. These episodes are often severe and difficult to treat, frequently progressing to permanent disabilities. We aimed to characterize the immune mechanisms and identify antimicrobial effectors during ...

On the usage of artificial intelligence in leprosy care: A systematic literature review.

Leprosy, or Hansen's disease, is a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) caused by Mycobacterium leprae that mainly affects the skin and peripheral nerves, causing neuropathy to varying degrees. It can result in physical disabilities and functional loss and is particularly prevalent amongst the most vulnerable populations in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The persistent stigma and social e...

Improved swin transformer-based thorax disease classification with optimal feature selection using chest X-ray.

Thoracic diseases, including pneumonia, tuberculosis, lung cancer, and others, pose significant health risks and require timely and accurate diagnosis...

Streamlining tuberculosis detection with foundation model-based weakly supervised transformer.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Traditional microscopy-based diagnostics ...

Use of a convolutional neural network for direct detection of acid-fast bacilli from clinical specimens.

Mycobacteria, including (MTB) and non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM), are important causes of infectious disease and cause significant mortality and...

Exploring T-cell metabolism in tuberculosis: development of a diagnostic model using metabolic genes.

OBJECTIVES: The early diagnosis and immunoregulatory mechanisms of active tuberculosis (ATB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) remain unclear, ...

Targeting Mycobacterial Dormancy Survival Regulator (DosR) With Generative Artificial Intelligence and Omics Methods.

Tuberculosis, driven by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a global health challenge due to the pathogen's ability to enter a dormant state, evading ...

Graph Transformer Model Integrating Physical Features for Projected Electronic Density of States Prediction.

The prediction of the projected density of states (PDOS) in materials has traditionally relied on deep learning models based on graph convolutional ne...

Graphene quantum dots induced performance enhancement in memristors.

With the rapid development of information technology, the demand for miniaturization, integration, and intelligence of electronic devices is growing r...

Implementation costs and cost-effectiveness of ultraportable chest X-ray with artificial intelligence in active case finding for tuberculosis in Nigeria.

Availability of ultraportable chest x-ray (CXR) and advancements in artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled CXR interpretation are promising developments...

Investigating the effect of transformer encoder architecture to improve the reliability of classroom observation ratings on high-inference discourse.

This study investigates the effect of transformer encoder architecture on the classification accuracy of high-inference discourse elements in classroo...

Environmental Pollution: Statistical Approach on Mobile Tower Radiation.

BACKGROUND: The Electromagnetic Field (EMF) effect is considered an alarming human health issue, dependent on the use of mobile phones. Several nation...

Machine Learning-Based Interpretable Screening for Osteoporosis in Tuberculosis Spondylitis Patients Using Blood Test Data: Development and External Validation of a Novel Web-Based Risk Calculator with Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI).

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis spondylitis (TS), also known as Pott's disease, is the most common destructive form of musculoskeletal tuberculosis and poses...

Assessing the performance of a point-of-need diagnostic algorithm in rapid detection of peripheral lymph node tuberculosis (Mobile-TB-Lab): a diagnostic evaluation study protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Early and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is central to ensuring the proper treatment and curbing the transmission of the diseas...

A systematic review and meta-analysis of artificial intelligence software for tuberculosis diagnosis using chest X-ray imaging.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains a global public health challenge, with 10.8 million new cases reported in 2023. Early diagnosis is cr...

A Deep Neural Network Framework for the Detection of Bacterial Diseases from Chest X-Ray Scans.

AIMS: This research aims to develop an advanced deep-learning framework for detecting respiratory diseases, including COVID-19, pneumonia, and tubercu...

An integrative and comprehensive analysis of blood transcriptomes combined with machine learning models reveals key signatures for tuberculosis diagnosis and risk stratification.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality worldwide. The progression from (Mtb...

Deep learning-based framework for Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterial growth detection for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Tuberculosis (TB) kills more people annually than any other pathogen. Resistance is an ever-increasing global problem, not least because diagnostics r...

Bidirectional Phosphorescent Neuroplasticity for All-Optical Neurovision.

All-optical neuromorphics that can capture, process, and output photonic signals are in prospect to advance optical computing and imaging. Bidirection...

Simultaneous initiation of dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy and once-weekly rifapentine and isoniazid for tuberculosis prevention in antiretroviral-naive people with HIV: an open-label, non-randomised, phase 1/2 trial.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis preventive treatment with 3 months of once-weekly isoniazid (900 mg) and rifapentine (900 mg; 3HP) is a recommended option fo...