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Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Radiology: Opportunities, Challenges, Pitfalls, and Criteria for Success.

Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR Feb 4, 2018
Worldwide interest in artificial intelligence (AI) applications, including imaging, is high and growing rapidly, fueled by availability of large datasets ("big data"), substantial advances in computing power, and new deep-learning algorithms. Apart f...
(1)
Radiology Forecasting Deep Learning Big Data Humans Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning
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Biosignature Discovery for Substance Use Disorders Using Statistical Learning.

Trends in molecular medicine Feb 4, 2018
There are limited biomarkers for substance use disorders (SUDs). Traditional statistical approaches are identifying simple biomarkers in large samples, but clinical use cases are still being established. High-throughput clinical, imaging, and 'omic' ...
(1)
Humans Machine Learning Biomarkers Biomedical Research Models, Statistical Substance-Related Disorders
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Outlier Removal in Model-Based Missing Value Imputation for Medical Datasets.

Journal of healthcare engineering Feb 4, 2018
Many real-world medical datasets contain some proportion of missing (attribute) values. In general, missing value imputation can be performed to solve this problem, which is to provide estimations for the missing values by a reasoning process based o...
Pattern Recognition, Automated Medical Records Humans Algorithms Machine Learning Databases, Factual Biomedical Research
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Neuroanatomical morphometric characterization of sex differences in youth using statistical learning.

NeuroImage Feb 3, 2018
Exploring neuroanatomical sex differences using a multivariate statistical learning approach can yield insights that cannot be derived with univariate analysis. While gross differences in total brain volume are well-established, uncovering the more s...
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sex Characteristics Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted Child Support Vector Machine Young Adult Male Humans Adolescent Brain Female
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Ensemble support vector machine classification of dementia using structural MRI and mini-mental state examination.

Journal of neuroscience methods Feb 3, 2018
BACKGROUND: The International Challenge for Automated Prediction of MCI from MRI data offered independent, standardized comparison of machine learning algorithms for multi-class classification of normal control (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), ...
Humans Brain Female Support Vector Machine Magnetic Resonance Imaging Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted Aged Male Dementia Pattern Recognition, Automated Mental Status and Dementia Tests
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An expert system design to diagnose cancer by using a new method reduced rule base.

Computer methods and programs in biomedicine Feb 3, 2018
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A Medical Expert System (MES) was developed which uses Reduced Rule Base to diagnose cancer risk according to the symptoms in an individual. A total of 13 symptoms were used. With the new MES, the reduced rules are controll...
Early Detection of Cancer Humans Expert Systems Algorithms Risk Factors Kidney Neoplasms Female Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Reproducibility of Results Lung Neoplasms
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The ACR Data Science Institute and AI Advisory Group: Harnessing the Power of Artificial Intelligence to Improve Patient Care.

Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR Feb 3, 2018
Radiology Quality Improvement Advisory Committees Societies, Medical Humans Artificial Intelligence United States
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Deep Learning-Based Gaze Detection System for Automobile Drivers Using a NIR Camera Sensor.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 3, 2018
A paradigm shift is required to prevent the increasing automobile accident deaths that are mostly due to the inattentive behavior of drivers. Knowledge of gaze region can provide valuable information regarding a driver's point of attention. Accurate ...
(2)
Head Movements Fixation, Ocular Humans Eye Movements Machine Learning Automobiles Automobile Driving
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Modeling when and where a secondary accident occurs.

Accident; analysis and prevention Feb 2, 2018
The occurrence of secondary accidents leads to traffic congestion and road safety issues. Secondary accident prevention has become a major consideration in traffic incident management. This paper investigates the location and time of a potential seco...
Support Vector Machine Accidents, Traffic California Humans Neural Networks, Computer
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Gene-Specific Variant Classifier (DPYD-Varifier) to Identify Deleterious Alleles of Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase.

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics Feb 2, 2018
Deleterious variants in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD, DPYD gene) can be highly predictive of clinical toxicity to the widely prescribed chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). However, there are very limited data pertaining to the functional ...
(1)
HCT116 Cells HEK293 Cells Gene Frequency Models, Molecular Fluorouracil Protein Conformation Machine Learning Humans Pharmacogenetics Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic Genotype Mutation, Missense Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Computer Simulation Risk Assessment Inhibitory Concentration 50 Dihydrouracil Dehydrogenase (NADP) Pharmacogenomic Testing Pharmacogenomic Variants Cell Survival Predictive Value of Tests Structure-Activity Relationship
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