The classification and etiology of functional disorders is controversial. Evidence supports both psychological and biological (disease) models that show, respectively, that functional disorders should be classified as one (bodily distress syndrome) a...
Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association
Nov 1, 2025
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Diagnosis of bile acid diarrhea (BAD) has been based on 48-hour fecal BA excretion; serum 7αC4 (C4) has been used to screen for BAD. Optimal diagnostic cutoffs for C4 and biochemical measurements in a single stool sample are unknow...
Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology
Jun 1, 2025
INTRODUCTION: Functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are the most prevalent disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), frequently overlapping and associated with complex pathophysiological mechanisms. Increasing evidence implica...
The American journal of gastroenterology
Jan 1, 2021
INTRODUCTION: Chronic constipation is classified into 2 main syndromes, irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and functional constipation (FC), on the assumption that they differ along multiple clinical characteristics and are plausibly ...
Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion
Nov 1, 2015
OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy on constipation predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) treated with acupuncture for regulating the mind and strengthening the spleen and the impacts on the quality of life in the patients.
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