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Opioid-Related Disorders

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Factors predicting access to medications for opioid use disorder for housed and unhoused patients: A machine learning approach.

PloS one
BACKGROUND: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a growing public health crisis, with opioids involved in an overwhelming majority of drug overdose deaths in the United States in recent years. While medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) effectively redu...

A neural network approach to predict opioid misuse among previously hospitalized patients using electronic health records.

PloS one
Can Electronic Health Records (EHR) predict opioid misuse in general patient populations? This research trained three backpropagation neural networks to explore EHR predictors using existing patient data. Model 1 used patient diagnosis codes and was ...

An explainable machine learning framework for predicting the risk of buprenorphine treatment discontinuation for opioid use disorder among commercially insured individuals.

Computers in biology and medicine
OBJECTIVES: Buprenorphine is an effective evidence-based medication for opioid use disorder (OUD). Yet premature discontinuation undermines treatment effectiveness, increasing the risk of mortality and overdose. We developed and evaluated a machine l...

Machine Learning-Driven Analysis of Individualized Treatment Effects Comparing Buprenorphine and Naltrexone in Opioid Use Disorder Relapse Prevention.

Journal of addiction medicine
OBJECTIVE: A trial comparing extended-release naltrexone and sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone demonstrated higher relapse rates in individuals randomized to extended-release naltrexone. The effectiveness of treatment might vary based on patient char...

Machine learning identifies risk factors associated with long-term opioid use in fibromyalgia patients newly initiated on an opioid.

RMD open
OBJECTIVES: Fibromyalgia is frequently treated with opioids due to limited therapeutic options. Long-term opioid use is associated with several adverse outcomes. Identifying factors associated with long-term opioid use is the first step in developing...

Self-help groups and opioid use disorder treatment: An investigation using a machine learning-assisted robust causal inference framework.

International journal of medical informatics
OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the impact of participation in self-help groups on treatment completion among individuals undergoing medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) treatment. Given the suboptimal adherence and retention rates for MOUD,...

Predictability of buprenorphine-naloxone treatment retention: A multi-site analysis combining electronic health records and machine learning.

Addiction (Abingdon, England)
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Opioid use disorder (OUD) and opioid dependence lead to significant morbidity and mortality, yet treatment retention, crucial for the effectiveness of medications like buprenorphine-naloxone, remains unpredictable. Our objective ...

Prediction of sustained opioid use in children and adolescents using machine learning.

British journal of anaesthesia
BACKGROUND: Opioid misuse in the paediatric population is understudied. This study aimed to develop a machine learning classifier to differentiate between occasional and sustained opioid users among children and adolescents in outpatient settings.

Classifying High-Risk Patients for Persistent Opioid Use After Major Spine Surgery: A Machine-Learning Approach.

Anesthesia and analgesia
BACKGROUND: Persistent opioid use is a common occurrence after surgery and prolonged exposure to opioids may result in escalation and dependence. The objective of this study was to develop machine-learning-based predictive models for persistent opioi...

The Use of Natural Language Processing Methods in Reddit to Investigate Opioid Use: Scoping Review.

JMIR infodemiology
BACKGROUND: The growing availability of big data spontaneously generated by social media platforms allows us to leverage natural language processing (NLP) methods as valuable tools to understand the opioid crisis.