AIMC Topic: Pneumonia

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ViT-GCN: a novel hybrid model for accurate pneumonia diagnosis from x-ray images.

Biomedical physics & engineering express
This study aims to enhance the accuracy of pneumonia diagnosis from x-ray images by developing a model that integrates Vision Transformer (ViT) and Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) for improved feature extraction and diagnostic performance. The ViT...

FLPneXAINet: Federated deep learning and explainable AI for improved pneumonia prediction utilizing GAN-augmented chest X-ray data.

PloS one
Pneumonia, a severe lung infection caused by various viruses, presents significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to its similarities with other respiratory conditions. Additionally, the need to protect patient privacy complicates the shar...

Predictive value of machine learning for radiation pneumonitis and checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis in lung cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Scientific reports
Some studies have developed machine learning (ML) models for the prediction of pneumonitis following immunotherapy and radiotherapy for patients with lung cancer (LC). However, the prediction accuracy of these models remains a topic of debate. Thus, ...

Machine learning and transformer models for prediction of postoperative pneumonia risk in patients with lower limb fractures.

Scientific reports
Postoperative pneumonia, a prevalent complication arising from lower limb fracture surgery, can significantly prolong hospitalization periods and elevate mortality rates. Consequently, early prevention and identification of this condition are crucial...

Gradual poisoning of a chest x-ray convolutional neural network with an adversarial attack and AI explainability methods.

Scientific reports
Given artificial intelligence's transformative effects, studying safety is important to ensure it is implemented in a beneficial way. Convolutional neural networks are used in radiology research for prediction but can be corrupted through adversarial...

Expert-level differentiation of incomplete Kawasaki disease and pneumonia from echocardiography via multiple large receptive attention mechanisms.

Computers in biology and medicine
BACKGROUND: Incomplete Kawasaki disease (KD) is challenging to diagnose due to its lack of classic clinical features, yet it has a higher incidence of coronary artery lesions, making early detection crucial. Echocardiography plays a vital role in ide...

Predicting 14-day readmission in middle-aged and elderly patients with pneumonia using emergency department data: a multicentre retrospective cohort study with a survival machine learning approach.

BMJ open
OBJECTIVES: Unplanned pneumonia readmissions increase patient morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Among pneumonia patients, the middle-aged and elderly (≥45 years old) have a significantly higher risk of readmission compared with the young. Gi...

Differentiating Bacterial and Non-Bacterial Pneumonia on Chest CT Using Multi-Plane Features and Clinical Biomarkers.

Academic radiology
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Timely and accurate classification of bacterial pneumonia (BP) is essential for guiding antibiotic therapy. However, distinguishing BP from non-bacterial pneumonia (NBP) using computed tomography (CT) is challenging due to o...

Development and validation of a nomogram for differentiating immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis from pneumonia in patients undergoing immunochemotherapy: a multicenter, real-world, retrospective study.

Frontiers in immunology
BACKGROUND: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-related Pneumonitis (CIP) exhibits high morbidity and mortality rates in the real world, often coexisting with pneumonia, particularly after immunochemotherapy. We aimed to develop and validate a non-invasive n...

Data-driven machine learning algorithm model for pneumonia prediction and determinant factor stratification among children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia.

BMC infectious diseases
INTRODUCTION: Pneumonia is the leading cause of child morbidity and mortality and accounts for 5.6 million under-five child deaths. Pneumonia has a significant impact on the quality of life, the country's economy, and the survival of children. Theref...