COPD

3D Automated Segmentation of Bronchial Abnormalities on Ultrashort Echo Time MRI: A Quantitative MR Outcome in Cystic Fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) monitoring relies on computed tomography (CT), but ultra-short echo time MRI (UTE-MRI) offers a radiation-free alternative. However, its clinical adoption is hindered by the laborious and subjective manual analysis, which prevents standardized quantification of bronchial abnormalities. PURPOSE: To develop a deep learning (DL) system for the segmentation of CF bronc...

Secretary or SecretarAI: assessing the triage performance of AI vs human staff in a specialized dental clinic.

OBJECTIVE: Effective patient triage in specialized clinics is crucial for managing long waiting lists and mitigating clinical risk. This is often performed by non-clinical administrative staff, whose prioritization may differ from clinical experts. This study aimed to compare the triage performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) against human staff, using senior clinicians as the gold standard. S...

Are we there yet? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the validity and reliability of automated markerless motion capture systems during jumping tasks.

Accurate assessment of jumping is important for sports performance and rehabilitation. While laboratory-based motion capture is considered gold-standa...

Occupational Exposure to Welding Fumes Associated With Pulmonary Surfactant Lipid Compositional Changes, Inflammatory Activity, and Pulmonary Functioning.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate alterations in the respiratory tract lining fluid phospholipids and their association with pulmonary functi...

Deep Learning Reconstruction for 129Xe Diffusion-Weighted MRI Enables Use of Natural Abundant Xenon and Improved Image Acceleration.

PURPOSE: (i) To assess whether 129Xe apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and diffusive length scale (LmD) metrics are quantitatively preserved with d...

Beyond human gold standards: A multimodel framework for automated abstract classification and information extraction.

Meta-research and evidence synthesis require considerable resources. Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as promising tools to assist in these p...

Simulation-guided optimization of one-step gold nanoparticle amplification for paper-based detection of anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies.

Adult-onset immunodeficiency (AOID) caused by anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies (anti-IFN-γ Abs) lacks rapid, sensitive diagnostic tools suitable for f...

Artificial intelligence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: recent advances in imaging and physiological monitoring.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality, yet significant barriers in i...

Evaluating Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models on External Cervical Resorption: A Comparative Study of Gemini and NotebookLM.

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the accuracy and consistency of two large language models developed by Alphabet Inc., Google Gemini (GG), a base co...

Medication-based mortality prediction in COPD using machine learning and conventional statistical methods.

BACKGROUND: Predicting mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients supports clinical decision-making and resource allocation. W...

Machine learning-assisted characterization of cervid skin tissues with chronic wasting disease by nano-enabled Raman spectroscopic biosensing.

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a contagious neurodegenerative disease in cervids and its spread threatens the health of wild and farm-raised animals...

Screening for depression risk in asthma patients: Development and external validation of a machine learning-based predictive model.

BACKGROUND: Depression is prevalent among asthma patients, negatively impacting their quality of life, treatment adherence, and prognosis. This study ...

Standardized evaluation of orthokeratology lens fitting status assisted by deep learning algorithm.

OBJECTIVE: Aims to develop a standardized evaluation method based on the YOLOv8n object detection algorithm, with the goal of quantitatively assessing...

Blood-based Vienna 3P/5P risk models accurately predict first hepatic decompensation in compensated advanced chronic liver disease.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Invasive measurement of hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is the gold standard for diagnosing clinically significant portal h...

Machine learning-enabled microfluidic ratiometric fluorescence sensor array based on lanthanide-gold nanoclusters for visual detection of multicomponent antibiotics.

The accumulation of multiple antibiotics in the environment poses severe threats to ecosystems and human health, demanding rapid, sensitive, and porta...

Discrimination of urine infrared spectral biomarkers for early-stage chronic kidney disease patients using attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared spectrometry.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a highly prevalent non-communicable disorder lacking a gold standard method for diagnosis. Early-stage CKD remains und...

Breaking the bottleneck of asthma treatment: the future of omni-targeted therapy.

BACKGROUND: Bronchial asthma is a complex, highly heterogeneous disease involving multiple pathological mechanisms and inflammatory pathways. Traditio...

Diagnostic performance of a coronary CT angiography-based deep learning model for the prediction of vessel-specific ischemia.

OBJECTIVES: Fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave-Free Ratio (iFR) pressure measurements during invasive coronary angiography (ICA) are...

Ex vivo human brain volumetry: Validation of MRI measurements.

PURPOSE: The volume of in vivo human brains is determined with various MRI measurement tools that have not been assessed against a gold standard. The ...

Salt-inducible kinase 1 is a key gene in suppressing EVD68-induced asthma by modulating antiviral immunity.

Asthma is a complex inflammatory disease of the airways, affecting over 300 million individuals globally. Infection with enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has ...