COVID-19

Fairness Correction in COVID-19 Predictive Models Using Demographic Optimization: Algorithm Development and Validation Study.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 forecasting models have been used to inform decision-making around resource allocation and intervention decisions, such as hospital beds or stay-at-home orders. State-of-the-art forecasting models often use multimodal data, including mobility or sociodemographic data, to enhance COVID-19 case prediction models. Nevertheless, related work has revealed under-reporting bias in CO...

Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence Conversational Chatbot to Enhance HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Uptake: Development and Usability Internal Testing.

BACKGROUND: The HIV epidemic in the United States disproportionately impacts gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM). Despite the effectiveness of HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in preventing HIV acquisition, uptake among MSM remains suboptimal. Motivational interviewing (MI) has demonstrated efficacy at increasing PrEP uptake among MSM but is resource-intensive, limiting scal...

Development and validation of an artificial intelligence-based model for diagnosing benign, borderline, and malignant adnexal masses.

Classification of benign, borderline, and malignant adnexal masses is critical to effective clinical management, but remains a challenge. We developed...

Energy-efficient intrusion detection with a protocol-aware transformer-spiking hybrid model.

Recent intrusion detection studies have achieved high accuracy using deep learning and transformer-based models; however, many approaches suffer from ...

Deep learning framework for RNA 5hmC prediction using RNA language model embeddings.

By influencing gene expression and contributing to epigenetic modifications, Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) modification signif...

Open-surface digital ELISA enabled by magnetic trapping and deep learning for rapid and highly sensitive detection of African swine fever.

African swine fever (ASF), a highly fatal and contagious animal disease caused by ASF virus, leads to substantial economic losses. Early detection is ...

Development of machine learning-driven non-invasive diagnostic models for idiopathic membranous nephropathy in Chinese patients.

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is a major cause of nephrotic syndrome and end-stage renal disease, but the gold-standard diagnost...

Fibroblast Transcriptomics in Molecular Diagnostics of a Comprehensive Dystonia Cohort.

OBJECTIVE: Genomic sequencing leaves >50% of dystonia-affected individuals without a diagnosis. Where DNA-oriented approaches remain insufficient, int...

Customizing CRISPR-Cas PAM specificity with protein language models.

CRISPR-Cas enzymes must recognize a protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) to edit a genomic site, greatly limiting the range of targetable sequences in a g...

Single-cell transcriptomics and machine-learning reveal M1 macrophage-driven progression from minimal change disease to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are two key nephrotic syndrome types with significant clinical implications...

Advances in radiomics for predicting and managing xerostomia following radiotherapy: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Radiomics has emerged as a promising approach for predicting radiotherapy (RT)- induced xerostomia in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients,...

Parametric imaging of dynamic long-axial-field-of-view PET scans: Technical challenges, statistical insights and clinical applications.

Dynamic long-axial-field-of-view (LAFOV) PET imaging offers unprecedented opportunities for quantitative assessment of tracer kinetics across the enti...

Learning Knowledge-Based Prompts for Robust 3D Mask Presentation Attack Detection.

3D mask presentation attack detection is crucial for protecting face recognition systems against the rising threat of 3D mask attacks. While most exis...

Enhanced Clearance of HIV-1 Broadly Neutralizing Antibody VRC07-523-LS During Viremia: Influences on Trial Design and Analysis.

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (BNAb) are capable of neutralizing multiple HIV-1 strains through the targeting of conserved epitopes. This study's ob...

Assessing the effect of bovine MSTN variants on pre-mRNA splicing.

The myostatin protein is a potent negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth encoded by the MSTN gene. MSTN loss-of-function variants lead to a part...

Machine learning for optimizing mAs in KUB radiography with metal implants.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Kidney-ureter-bladder (KUB) radiography is a common examination that exposes patients to a higher radiation dose and increased...

A segmentation method with a large vision model for magnetic resonance imaging-guided adaptive radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Segmentation is the most effort-consuming step for magnetic resonance imaging guided adaptive radiotherapy (MRIgART). Although the segment...

Slice-prompted HR-CTV interactive segmentation for cervical cancer brachytherapy: A multi-center study.

BACKGROUND: In computed tomography (CT)-guided cervical cancer brachytherapy, the manual contouring for the high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) ...

Multisite derivation of a machine learning algorithm using high sensitivity troponin to predict major adverse cardiac events in the emergency department.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a machine learning (ML) algorithm to stratify risk for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) within 30 days in emergency departmen...

Comprehensive bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation identify MT1M and MT1X as key metallothioneins in BC pathogenesis.

BACKGROUND: Metallothioneins (MTs) are crucial metal-binding proteins involved in cellular zinc homeostasis and oxidative stress response. However, th...