Endocrinology

The metabolic-inflammatory axis in chronic heart failure: integrating the NLR and TyG index for recent-onset atrial fibrillation prediction via machine learning and mediation analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Recent-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication of chronic heart failure (CHF), potentially involving both inflammatory and metabolic dysregulation. This study aimed to develop and externally validate an interpretable machine learning (ML) model for predicting recent-onset AF in patients with CHF and to explore the relationships among inflammatory dysregulation, metabo...

[Multi-modal tumor boundary clustering recognition based on artificial intelligence virtual cells and near-infrared surgical field].

In order to accurately identify tumor boundaries and improve diagnostic efficiency, this study proposes a multi-modal tumor boundary identification method based on artificial intelligence virtual cells and saliency near-infrared spectrum imaging, and uses this to construct the "Golden Eyes 3.0" intelligent navigation system. The system integrates the artificial intelligence virtual cell model cons...

A Rasch-based analysis comparing the performance of updated multimodal large language models and surgeons on the Japanese surgical specialist examination.

PURPOSE: To compare four multimodal large language models (LLMs) with surgeons on the 2023 Japanese Surgical Specialist Examination using item-level s...

Edge-centric brain connectomes reveal two molecularly distinct neurobiological subtypes of adolescent major depressive disorder.

Adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous disorder that complicates diagnosis and treatment. However, the mechanisms underlying th...

Bisphenol A and F exposure suppresses MMP9 to drive nasal epithelial inflammation and senescence: a protective target for allergic rhinitis.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent inflammatory disorder of the upper airways, and exposure to environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as...

Research Progress of Diabetes-related Glaucoma: Mechanisms, Impacts and Management Strategies.

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a highly prevalent metabolic disorder, is increasingly recognised for its significant association with glaucoma, a leading cau...

Multimodal Ultrasound-Based Decision Support for Bethesda IV Thyroid Nodules: Integration of Clinical, Radiomics, Deep Learning, and Topological Features.

To develop and internally validate a multimodal ultrasound-based decision support framework for benign-malignant risk stratification of Bethesda IV th...

Saliva Liquid Biopsy for Detection of Oral and Systemic Diseases.

Saliva has emerged as a compelling liquid biopsy for the non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of both oral and systemic diseases. Secreted by major a...

A decade of artificial intelligence research in ophthalmology: Global trends and transferable insights for medical AI.

To characterize global trends in ophthalmic AI research from 2015-2025 and drive transferable insights into the broader evolution of AI in medicine, w...

MSCT-Trans: A Multi-scale Convolutional Neural Network Token Transformer for Interpretable Ultrasound Image Classification.

Automated ultrasound image classification is increasingly important for clinical decision support in breast, thyroid and fetal screening. However, dep...

Intramuscular Fat Assessed by AI-Assisted Muscle Ultrasound: Association With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Diabetic Nephropathy in Diabetes Mellitus.

AIMS: Intramuscular fat (IMF) is increasingly recognized as a marker of ectopic adiposity and adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. Artificial intelligenc...

Adaptation of a fair individualized polysocial risk score for hospitalization risk prediction.

OBJECTIVES: We adapted the individualized polysocial risk score (iPsRS), a machine learning model originally developed for patients with type 2 diabet...

Identification of a novel small-molecule modulator targeting SNX10 to inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption.

Current antiresorptive therapies reduce bone loss by eliminating osteoclasts or inhibiting their formation. However, these approaches could disrupt os...

Stress hyperglycaemia ratio and post-operative delirium after cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study of the MIMIC-IV database.

BACKGROUND: Post-operative delirium is a serious neurocognitive complication of cardiac surgery. The stress hyperglycaemia ratio (SHR), which adjusts ...

Physics-Guided Transformer Enables Efficient Inverse Design of Terahertz Metasurfaces for Glucose Sensing.

Inverse design of terahertz (THz) metasurfaces via algorithmic models has become a mainstream trend and finds wide application in THz biosensing devic...

Grading-labour cost analysis of AI-assisted versus human-only diabetic retinopathy screening in two Danish healthcare settings.

PURPOSE: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening is essential to prevent vision loss, yet rising diabetes prevalence threatens to outpace ophthalmology ca...

Machine learning for precision obstetrics: A comprehensive review of risk prediction models for hypertensive disorders and pregnancy-related syndromes.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction represent major con...

Triglyceride-glucose frailty index, metabolic-frailty phenotypes, and mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: Derivation, interpretation, and external validation.

BACKGROUND: Prognosis remains heterogeneous among critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). We evaluated the triglyceride-glucose frailt...

Comparative Performance of Multimodal Large Language Models in Grayscale Ultrasound-Based Classification of Thyroid Nodules.

BACKGROUND: Multimodal large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being explored for medical image analysis, but their relative performance in thyr...

Evaluation of Differential Diagnosis of Odontogenic Lesions in Cone Beam Computed Tomography Images Using Radiomics-Based Machine Learning.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the structural characteristics of mandibular alveolar bone in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), T...