Pathology

A machine learning model for predicting pneumothorax risk after computed tomography-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy: A two-hospital retrospective study.

Pneumothorax is a common complication after computed tomography-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB), but individualized prediction tools based on routinely available clinical variables remain limited. This two-hospital retrospective study included 768 patients who underwent CT-guided PTNB between January 2024 and August 2025. The pooled dataset was randomly divided into a traini...

Automated segmentation of neurons and spinal cord structures in immunofluorescence images using SpineDL.

In this study, we present SpineDL, an open-source deep learning (DL) approach for neuron and anatomical structure segmentation of the spinal cord in fluorescence images immunostained with NeuN and DAPI, within the context of murine models of spinal cord injury (SCI). SpineDL comprises two main modules: SpineDL-Neuron, for instance-level identification of neuronal somas; and SpineDL-Structure, for ...

Training set augmentation and biology-aware harmonization improve radiomic models for lung cancer prediction in indeterminate nodules.

CT radiomics-based machine learning has potential to predict lung cancer in pulmonary nodules (PNs) earlier than standard-of-care methods. Low maligna...

Accelerating cancer research and personalized medicine by tie-up with AI empowered genomics and proteomics.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) driven novel technique in genomics and proteomics have revolutionized cancer research with comprehensive anal...

Assessing the performance of deep learning and hand-crafted radiomics models using MRI and ultrasound in predicting axillary lymph node status in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) is a critical prognostic factor in breast cancer. While sentinel lymph node biopsy remains the gold ...

Molecular mechanism by which perfluorooctane sulfonate regulates the initiation and progression of prostate cancer via the ENTPD5-adenine axis.

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a persistent member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances family, has been increasingly associated with adverse...

Integrated network toxicology and experimental validation to investigate potential mechanisms associated with aspartame-induced malignant phenotypic changes in colorectal cancer.

To investigate the potential molecular mechanisms underlying aspartame (APM)-induced malignant phenotypic changes in colorectal cancer (CRC). Candidat...

Deep learning-based CT slice synthesis improves radiomic feature reproducibility and discriminative performance in lung nodule assessment.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of CT slice thickness on radiomic features (RFs) in terms of reproducibility and discriminative power, and to as...

Electronics with switchable flexibility for 3D conforming neural interfaces.

The intricate cortical folds of large primates physically restrict access to substantial portions of neural information via interface devices. Here, w...

Retinal Microvascular Signatures as Early Predictors of Cardiovascular Risk: Integrating Pathophysiology, Molecular Insights, and Artificial Intelligence.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be a significant public health burden and public health emergency in the world, underscoring the importance...

Combination of color-Doppler ultrasound and MRI to improve lacrimal gland lesion characterization: A machine learning approach.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a machine learning-based algorithm based on a combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and co...

Body composition radiomics integrated with machine learning to predict prognosis in advanced NSCLC treated with first-line immunochemotherapy and concurrent radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: Adipose tissue is a highly heterogeneous and plastic endocrine and immune organ whose characteristics have been linked to prognosis in NSCL...

Preoperative prediction of thymoma risk classification with machine learning-based computed tomography radiomics features.

BACKGROUND: Thymomas are primarily assessed using chest computed tomography (CT); however, this method has inherent limitations such as an overlap bet...

Pathway-level epigenetic modeling illuminates the methylation architecture to asthma risk across tissues.

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a clinically heterogeneous airway disorder characterized by complex interactions between environmental exposures, immune activat...

Spatially interpretable artificial intelligence framework to tailored neoadjuvant dual HER2 blockade in HER2-positive breast cancer.

Neoadjuvant dual HER2 blockade with trastuzumab and pertuzumab plus chemotherapy represents the current standard-of-care for HER2-positive breast canc...

Polycystin-1 and Cardiac Remodeling: From Mechanotransduction to Clinical Consequences.

PC1 (polycystin-1), traditionally viewed through the lens of renal pathophysiology in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, has emerged as a c...

Differentiating sub-centimeter lung metastases in colorectal cancer by deep learning: a multicenter retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis of sub-centimeter lung metastases is critical for timely decision-making and improved prognosis in patients with colorecta...

Integrated Bioinformatics and Explainable Machine Learning Analyses Reveal Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosome-Related Biomarkers for Diabetic Retinopathy.

PURPOSE: This study aims to identify potential biomarkers for diabetic retinopathy (DR) by focusing on genes associated with mesenchymal stem cell-der...

Past, Present, and Future of Evaluating Diastolic Function.

The assessment of left ventricular diastolic function started with invasive pressure measurements and is currently primarily based on echocardiographi...

Frontiers in Raman nano-diagnostics: SERS and TERS of extracellular vesicles for cancer detection.

Efforts to create rapid, non-invasive, and reliable cancer diagnostics have increasingly focused on extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanoscale carriers o...