Pneumonia

RADAR: Enhancing Radiology Report Generation with Supplementary Knowledge Injection

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various domains, including radiology report generation. Previous approaches have attempted to utilize multimodal LLMs for this task, enhancing their performance through the integration of domain-specific knowledge retrieval. However, these approaches often overlook the knowledge already embedded within the LLMs, leading to...

Field-Portable Technology for Illicit Drug Discrimination via Deep Learning of Hybridized Reflectance/Fluorescence Spectroscopic Fingerprints.

Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) pose one of the greatest challenges across the illicit drug landscape. They can be highly potent, and coupled with rapid changes in structure, tracking and identifying these drugs is difficult and presents users with a "Russian roulette" if used. Benzodiazepines, synthetic opioids, synthetic cannabinoids, and synthetic cathinones account for the majority of NPS-...

HR-VILAGE-3K3M: A Human Respiratory Viral Immunization Longitudinal Gene Expression Dataset for Systems Immunity

Respiratory viral infections pose a global health burden, yet the cellular immune responses driving protection or pathology remain unclear. Natural ...

Walking the Tightrope: Disentangling Beneficial and Detrimental Drifts in Non-Stationary Custom-Tuning

This paper uncovers a critical yet overlooked phenomenon in multi-modal large language models (MLLMs): detrimental concept drift within chain-of-tho...

From Embeddings to Accuracy: Comparing Foundation Models for Radiographic Classification

Foundation models, pretrained on extensive datasets, have significantly advanced machine learning by providing robust and transferable embeddings ap...

Relation Extraction Across Entire Books to Reconstruct Community Networks: The AffilKG Datasets

When knowledge graphs (KGs) are automatically extracted from text, are they accurate enough for downstream analysis? Unfortunately, current annotate...

Metabolomics and machine learning identify urine metabolic characteristics and potential biomarkers for severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.

To study the differences in the urine metabolome between pediatric patients with severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) and those with general ...

Utilising Machine Learning for Better Mental Health and Decision Making: A Case Study of Timebanking UK.

This study explores how the integration of predictive models with machine learning and natural language processing can optimise community-based servic...

Community-based Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning with Transfer and Active Exploration

We propose a new framework for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), where the agents cooperate in a time-evolving network with latent communit...

An oral norovirus vaccine generates mucosal immunity and reduces viral shedding in a phase 2 placebo-controlled challenge study.

There are currently no licensed vaccines for norovirus, a leading cause of epidemic and endemic gastroenteritis worldwide. Clinical advancement of pro...

Allocation of Oral Cholera Vaccines in Africa.

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we examine the allocation of oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) across 25 African countries between 2013 and 2019.

Unsupervised Out-of-Distribution Detection in Medical Imaging Using Multi-Exit Class Activation Maps and Feature Masking

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for ensuring the reliability of deep learning models in medical imaging applications. This work is ...

Multicenter target trial emulation to evaluate corticosteroids for sepsis stratified by predicted organ dysfunction trajectory.

Corticosteroids decrease the duration of organ dysfunction in sepsis and a range of overlapping and complementary infectious critical illnesses, inclu...

Indirect Detection of Swine Influenza Activity in Porcine Blood Using Raman Spectroscopy and Machine Learning.

Over the past decade, several swine influenza variants, including H1N1 and H1N2, have been periodically detected in swine. Raman spectroscopy (RS) off...

Development and validation of an early diagnosis model for severe mycoplasma pneumonia in children based on interpretable machine learning.

BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is a major threat to the health of children, especially those under the age of five. Mycoplasma  pneumoniae infection is a core ...

AI-Based Quantitative CT Analysis of Temporal Changes According to Disease Severity in COVID-19 Pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively evaluate computed tomography (CT) parameters of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia an artificial intelligence ...

Anatomical Attention Alignment representation for Radiology Report Generation

Automated Radiology report generation (RRG) aims at producing detailed descriptions of medical images, reducing radiologists' workload and improving...

Prognostic Value of the Brixia Radiological Score in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study from Romania.

The novel coronavirus pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, has a variable clinical spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic to critical forms. High mortality and morbidit...

Association of risk factors with mental illness in a rural community: insights from machine learning models.

BACKGROUND: Mental health conditions, particularly depression and anxiety, are highly prevalent and impose substantial health burdens globally. Despit...

Predictive optimization using long short-term memory for solar PV and EV integration in relatively cold climate energy systems with a regional case study.

The global shift toward sustainable energy and electric mobility addresses environmental concerns related to fossil fuels. While these alternatives ar...