Pulmonology

Development and validation of a comprehensive prognostic model for 28-day ICU mortality in non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: an analysis based on the MIMIC-IV database.

BACKGROUND: Due to the complex pathophysiology of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), accurate risk prediction remains a challenge. Our aim is to develop and validate a comprehensive prognostic model that integrates demographic characteristics, vital signs, laboratory parameters, and more, to provide clinical decision-making support in real-world practice. METHODS: We conducted a retrospe...

From Experimental Optimization to AI Empowerment: Advanced Strategies of Oxygen Evolution Reaction for Large-Scale PEMWE.

Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) has emerged as a core technology for green hydrogen production owing to its fast dynamic response and efficient compatibility with intermittent renewable energy sources. It is now transitioning from megawatt- to gigawatt-scale applications, yet still faces many practical challenges. The oxygen evolution reaction at the anode is a key breakthrough...

Antimicrobial peptides for tuberculosis in a post-antibiotic era: from in vitro promise to therapeutic potential.

Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious pathogen, driven by prolonged treatment regimens and escalating drug resistan...

Argus-Net: Anatomy-Guided Hierarchical Learning for Pulmonary Vasculature Segmentation in Contrast and Non-Contrast CT.

Automatic segmentation of the pulmonary vasculature from thoracic CT is essential for pulmonary embolism assessment, surgical planning, and disease mo...

Comparative outcomes of balloon-expandable versus self-expanding transcatheter aortic valves: insights from a large-scale German registry.

BACKGROUND: While transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become an established alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), the...

Microbiome-Driven Precision Medicine in Asthma: Roles of Targeted Therapies and Artificial Intelligence.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the current evidence regarding airway and gut microbiome alterations in asthma pathogenesis and therapeutic response, and to ex...

Tumor spread through air spaces in non-small-cell lung cancer: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-based tumoral and peritumoral radiomics analysis with machine learning.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the utility of tumoral and peritumoral [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-based radiomics models for predicting tumor spread throu...

Integrating Cardiovascular Screening in Lung Cancer Screening.

Cardiovascular risk assessment is a natural extension of lung cancer screening (LCS) because individuals eligible for low-dose computed tomography oft...

Beyond Visual Scoring: Computational CT-analysis for HRCT based quantification of Interstitial Lung Disease in Inflammatory Rheumatic Disease.

Interstitial lung disease (IRD-ILD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disorders (IRD). High-re...

Deep learning-assisted cone-beam computed tomography volumetric assessment of mandibular anterior alveolar bone changes with and without periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics during skeletal Class III orthodontic-orthognathic treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion often have thin anterior alveolar bone and an increased periodontal risk. This study evalu...

Advanced physics-enhanced machine learning and empirical approaches for estimating the oxygen transfer alpha factor in activated sludge.

Accurate estimation of the α0-factor, representing oxygen transfer efficiency under non-steady-state conditions, is critical for energy-efficient aera...

Development and clinical validation of a point-of-care cytology screening tool for oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma using a deep learning convolutional neural network: protocol for a diagnostic accuracy study.

INTRODUCTION: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) present a remarkable public health challenge worldw...

Development and evaluation of a multi-source machine learning model to predict critical illness and death in patients with substance misuse.

OBJECTIVES: Patients with substance misuse are at high risk for clinical deterioration, and pre-hospital encounters constitute important risk factors....

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning-based prediction of tuberculosis treatment failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of infectious disease mortality worldwide, and treatment failure contributes to ongoing transmis...

Cross-Species Generalization and Comparative Performance Analysis of Deep Neural Network Architectures in Histological Image Classification.

Histological image classification plays a critical role in biomedical research and diagnostic processes. Advances in the field of deep learning presen...

Antimony- and NSAID-Induced Hepatotoxicity at the Molecular Crossroads: Redox, Inflammasome and Programmed Cell-Death Networks as Therapeutic Targets for Natural Hepatoprotective Agents.

Drug- and metal-induced liver damage (DILI/MILI) continues to be a predominant cause of acute hepatic failure globally, with two clinically significan...

Integration of single-cell transcriptomics and genomic mutation analysis identifies an immunotherapy-resistant tumor subcluster and validates ARNTL2 as a malignant driver in lung adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Immunotherapy resistance in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains a critical clinical challenge, and the mechanisms underlying resistance-ass...

Clinical decision framework for sublingual hematoma: literature-based retrospective analysis with machine learning.

Sublingual hematoma is a rare but life-threatening condition with heterogeneous etiologies that complicate emergency decision-making. This study compa...

Validation of artificial intelligence-assisted CBCT analysis for predicting inferior alveolar nerve proximity to impacted mandibular third molars: a diagnostic accuracy study.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) anal...

The American Cancer Society National Lung Cancer Roundtable strategic plan: Opportunities in advanced imaging across the lung cancer care continuum.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women. The goal of reducing mortality from lung cancer requires improvements in many aspec...