Pulmonology

Tissue identity is the dominant determinant of cross-species transferability of a porcine developmental programme.

BACKGROUND: Reproducibility and cross-species translation using the domestic pig (Sus scrofa) are limited by the lack of a standardised molecular framework for biological maturation: the pig's developmental tempo differs substantially from the human's, yet no tissue-resolved transcriptomic staging system exists. Synchronising porcine and human maturation is essential to move preclinical research f...

Identifying predictor factors for asthma using machine learning: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory airway disease. Accumulating evidence highlights the roles of demographic, lifestyle, and comorbidity factors in the risk of asthma. This study aimed to identify predictor factors of asthma using machine learning approaches. METHODS: Data were obtained from the 10th wave (2021-2023) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Participants...

Explainable Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Postoperative Hypoxemia in Elderly Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia.

In order to predict the risk of postoperative hypoxemia in elderly patients undergoing general anesthesia, this study developed, validated, and interp...

Network toxicology and multi-omics identify potential interactions between between air pollutants and interferon-related signaling in tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: Air pollution increases tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. METHODS: We integrated h...

Linguistic Fidelity and Classification Performance of Large Language Models for Generating Synthetic Operative Notes: Evaluation Study.

BACKGROUND: Machine learning models for surgical applications require large, diverse datasets; however, data scarcity remains a critical limitation du...

Exploring potential key genes and mitotic catastrophe-associated correlates in sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome using transcriptomics and experimental validation.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening form of acute diffuse lung injury caused by sepsis. Howeve...

Screening for tuberculosis in prisons: efficacy of a breath-based diagnostic approach in a high prevalence setting.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health threat in prisons, where overcrowding and limited access to care facilitate transmission. We eval...

Multimodule Human-Artificial Intelligence Collaboration Pipeline for Large Language Model-Assisted Thematic Analysis Across Digital Health Interview Studies: Comparative Evaluation Study.

BACKGROUND: Qualitative thematic analysis is widely used in health research to examine patient experiences and inform the refinement of digital health...

Body composition's effect on the bone-vascular axis of osteoporosis discovered in AI-based CT analysis of COPD patients.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effect of body composition on the inverse relationship between vertebral bone density (T12 BMD) and to...

Machine Learning Prediction of Pediatric In-Hospital Survival Before Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Cannulation.

Identifying suitable candidates for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is still challenging. Our aim is to leverage machine learning (ML) to p...

Developing and validating an interpretable machine learning model for predicting postoperative nausea and vomiting in pulmonary resection patients: a retrospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains a prevalent complication hindering Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols, part...

Artificial intelligence as a second reader for pneumothorax detection: redirecting rather than reducing chest CT use.

BACKGROUND: Pneumothorax is a finding that is frequently missed in the emergency department, particularly in cases with subtle radiographic features, ...

Single-session agreement of ChatGPT and Gemini treatment recommendations with multidisciplinary tumor board decisions in thoracic oncology.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the single-session agreement between treatment recommendations generated by ChatGPT and Gemini and real-world decisions made b...

Dosimetry of Inhaled Aerosols: From Exposure to Target Tissue Dose in Risk Assessment and Drug Delivery.

Inhaled aerosol dosimetry is a critical discipline bridging exposure to biological effect in both therapeutic and toxicological contexts. This review ...

Advancements in wearable technology for heart failure patients.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: While pharmacologic and device therapies have improved heart failure care in recent decades, age-adjusted rehospitalization rates r...

Admission-Based Machine-Learning Models for Predicting Mechanical Ventilation and Mortality in Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease: A Multicenter Cohort Study with External Validation.

BACKGROUND: Admission-based risk stratification tools are limited for hospitalized patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (F-ILD). AIMS: To ...

Clinician Perspectives on Ambient AI Scribes in the Intensive Care Unit: Qualitative Interview Study.

BACKGROUND: In intensive care unit (ICU) settings, structured team-based communication, such as multidisciplinary rounds, handoffs, and goals-of-care ...

Diagnostic Model Construction of Mitochondrial-Mitophagy Related Genes and Their Regulatory Network and Potential Drug Discovery in Childhood Allergic Asthma.

Childhood allergic asthma (CAA) is a chronic airway inflammatory disorder driven by allergens, and its underlying molecular mechanisms as well as prec...

Single-cell and machine learning-based neural regulation signature for prognosis prediction and immunotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) molecular heterogeneity limits traditional prognostic models. Given the emerging role of neural regulation (NR) ...

Deep Learning for Differentiating Pulmonary Metastasis from Primary Lung Cancer Constructed on Frozen Sections for Intraoperative Diagnosis.

The surgical procedures for primary lung cancer and metastatic lung tumors differ. An intraoperative diagnosis is important for surgical procedure dec...