Urology

Association of blood urea nitrogen to high-density lipoprotein ratio with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with mildly reduced eGFR.

BACKGROUND: Patients with mild-to-moderate renal impairment face elevated cardiovascular risk, yet early detection tools remain limited. The Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolism (CKM) interplay underscores the need for integrated biomarkers. The Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) to High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio (BUN/HDL) was therefore evaluated for early risk stratification. METHODS: This c...

A pilot study of a urinary IL-8 and IL-17-based formula for discriminating Hunner-type from non-Hunner-type interstitial cystitis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether urinary or plasma cytokines more effectively differentiate Hunner-type interstitial cystitis (HIC) from non-Hunner-type interstitial cystitis (NHIC), and to develop an interpretable discriminative formula based on the most informative features. METHODS: Paired urine and plasma samples were collected from 47 patients with IC/BPS (15 HIC, 32 NHIC), and urine samples f...

Metabolic convergence of diabetes and prostate cancer: from dysglycemia to tumor microenvironment reprogramming.

The relationship between diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer (PC) represents one of the most intriguing paradoxes in cancer epidemiology, with diabe...

Heterogeneous effects of preoperative beta blockers on 30-day mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery.

BACKGROUND: The role of preoperative β-blocker therapy in patients with ventricular dysfunction undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) rema...

Governing artificial intelligence in cancer care: Perspectives and recommendations from patient organizations and the MULTIR consortium.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to improve cancer care. Its implementation must align with patients' needs, values, and liv...

Interpretable machine learning for individualized survival prediction in node-positive, non-metastatic prostate cancer: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer with regional lymph node involvement but no distant metastasis (N1M0) has heterogeneous prognosis. This study aimed to dev...

Machine Learning-Based Subtype Classification of Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury and Differential Responses to Renal Replacement Therapy.

BackgroundSepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is highly heterogeneous with controversial optimal renal replacement therapy (RRT) strategies...

Antimicrobial dosing in patients with renal dysfunction.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Many antimicrobials used in critically ill patients are predominantly eliminated by the kidneys. Optimizing dosing in this populati...

PCa Detection in PI-RADS 4 and 5 Lesions: Comparison of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT-Guided Robot-Assisted Biopsy Versus mpMRI Cognitive-Fusion TRUS-Guided Prostate Biopsy.

Lesions with a Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score of 4 or greater on multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) indicate a high likelihood of...

Patient Perceptions Across a Fixed Sequence of Physician Attire and Surgical-Context Images in Urology: An Image-Based Cross-Sectional Survey.

BACKGROUND: Physician attire is associated with patient trust and confidence, yet it has rarely been examined in urology or in the surgical context in...

PI-QUAL in Clinical Practice: Rationale and a Step-by-Step Approach to Implementation.

Prostate MRI has become integral to prostate cancer diagnosis and management, extending beyond prebiopsy triage to biopsy guidance, local staging, act...

Automatic Kidney Image Segmentation During Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy Using a Deep Learning Model Based on a Multiannotator Dataset: Model Development and Validation Study.

BACKGROUND: Augmented reality (AR) has emerged as a promising tool to enhance surgical precision during robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN), par...

Performance of ChatGPT, Claude, and AMBOSS on the European Board of Urology In-Service Assessment and Alignment With the European Association of Urology 2025 Guidelines: Comparative Study.

BACKGROUND: Recent advances in AI, particularly large language models, have generated growing interest in their application to medical education and e...

The Ferroptosis-Immunity Axis in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Emerging Therapeutic Targets.

SIGNIFICANCE: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Its burden continues to increase despite advances...

Editorial Comment on: "Artificial Intelligence-Powered Cystoscopy Diagnostic Support System: Clinical Application of Multiarchitecture Deep Learning Models" by Zhang et al.

Real-time MRI-ultrasound image translation under limited paired data using a physically motivated conditional GAN.

Objective. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) provide complementary anatomical and intraoperative information, yet their large appea...

From assistant to collaborator: A systematic review of the evolution of artificial intelligence in end-stage renal disease care and management.

We aimed to systematically analyze the historical evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) management and propose a...

Multiscale Switch for Semi-Supervised and Contrastive Learning in Medical Ultrasound Image Segmentation.

Medical ultrasound (US) image segmentation faces significant challenges due to limited labeled data and characteristic imaging artifacts, including sp...

New Evidence in Heart Failure: 2026 Update.

Heart failure (HF) remains a major cause of morbidity, mortality, impaired quality of life and healthcare expenditure worldwide. The global burden of ...

Machine learning models for early detection of urinary tract infections in kidney transplant patients.

BACKGROUND: Renal transplantation is the preferred treatment for end-stage chronic kidney disease but requires lifelong immunosuppression, increasing ...