Urology

A multi-paradigm evaluation spanning pixels to voxels for deep learning-based kidney tumor segmentation.

Automated segmentation of kidney tumors from computed tomography (CT) scans is crit- ical for diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). While recent deep learning models report high Dice scores (>0.97), their clinical utility remains questionable due to false positive predictions that misclassify healthy tissue as tumors and computational constraints limiting rea...

Research on Risk Transfer Pathways for Lung Cancer Among Middle-Aged and Older Individuals Using Deep Reinforcement Learning: Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, lung cancer has a significantly high incidence rate worldwide. The mortality rate of lung cancer continues to rise; it is more common in middle-aged and older individuals and poses a great threat to human health. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the lung cancer risk among middle-aged and older individuals in a timely manner and to establish an efficient pathway for the r...

[177Lu]Lu-PSMA extravasation: from quantitative imaging to clinical guidelines.

Extravasation of therapeutic radioligands such as [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 or [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE is rare but may result in localized radiation injury. In th...

System-level clustering of testosterone-related biomarkers identifies high-risk aging profiles linked to inflammation and renal function.

BACKGROUND: Serum total testosterone (TT) interacts with multiple physiological systems and is implicated in heterogeneous aging processes in men. How...

Machine learning prediction of postoperative recurrence in bladder cancer using clinical and laboratory indicators.

Estimate renal cell carcinoma recurrence rates using electronic health records.

BACKGROUND: Lack of readily available recurrence data has limited the use of electronic health records (EHR) for risk assessment of cancer recurrence ...

Predicting Postoperative Outcomes in Pediatric Ureteroscopy Using Machine Learning and Explainable AI-EAU Endourology Vision-AI Study.

AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of machine learning (ML) algorithms integrated with explainable artificial intelligence...

Deep-learning segmentation to guide bladder neck recognition in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

OBJECTIVES: To develop a deep-learning segmentation model for bladder neck dissection during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and evaluate ...

Contextualizing the Patient Blood Management (PBM) Program Through the Lens of Bioethical Principles.

In an increasingly specialized medical landscape, Patient Blood Management (PBM) has emerged as a multidisciplinary and ethically grounded approach to...

Multiclass Classification of Renal Tumor Subtypes: Addressing Diagnostic Challenges Using a Texture-Informed Deep Hybrid CNN-Transformer.

Accurate histopathological classification of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), along with its distinction from benign mimickers, is essential for precision ...

Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Kidney Function among Patients with Polycystic Kidney Disease.

BACKGROUND: Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is the fourth leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. Although the condition is primarily genetic, envi...

Sharing a whole-/total-body [18F]FDG-PET/CT dataset with CT-derived segmentations: an ENHANCE.PET initiative.

We present a large whole-body and total-body curated dataset of dual-modality 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG)-Positron Emission Tomography/Compu...

Development and validation of a multimodal AI-agent system for prognosis analysis of bladder urothelial carcinoma.

Precise survival risk stratification for bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) remains a clinical challenge. We developed and validated a multimodal AI a...

A deep learning-driven automated treatment planning framework for cervical cancer patients treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The rapid and efficient generation of high-quality, dose-consistency volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans remains cha...

Nephrology: What You May Have Missed in 2025.

This article highlights some important nephrology studies published in 2025 that are relevant for many nonnephrologist physicians. Two studies examine...

Hypotension Prediction Index-Guided Hemodynamic Management on Postoperative Organ Outcome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Intraoperative hypotension (IOH) is a frequent occurrence during noncardiac surgery. Hypotensive episodes can compromise tissue perfusion, and cumulat...

Do AI-based contouring algorithms influence physicians in the online adaptive radiotherapy of patients with bladder cancer?

PURPOSE: In this prospective cross-over study, the precision of manual correction of the clinical target volume (CTV) during online-adaptive radiother...

A Novel Radiomics-based Interpretable Model for Bladder Cancer Grade Prediction Using White-Light Cystoscopy Images.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: White-light cystoscopy (WLC) is the standard diagnostic modality for bladder cancer, but preoperative grading remains inaccu...

Cost-effectiveness of AI-enhanced breast cancer screening in Iran: a microsimulation study.

BACKGROUND: Recognized worldwide as a major health threat and Sustainable Development Goal priority, breast cancer places an especially heavy clinical...

Web-Based Personalized Machine Learning Recommendations to Enhance Shared Decision-Making in Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening: Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Prostate‑specific antigen (PSA) screening involves complex trade‑offs between early detection and the risks of overdiagnosis. For older ad...