AIMC Topic: Artificial Intelligence

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Large Language Models Applied to Health Care Tasks May Improve Clinical Efficiency, Value of Care Rendered, Research, and Medical Education.

Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association
Large language models (LLMs) are generative artificial intelligence models that create content on the basis of the data on which it was trained. Processing capabilities have evolved from text only to being multimodal including text, images, audio, an...

Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostics: Enhancing Urine Test Accuracy Using a Mobile Phone-Based Reading System.

Annals of laboratory medicine
BACKGROUND: Urinalysis, an essential diagnostic tool, faces challenges in terms of standardization and accuracy. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) with mobile technology can potentially solve these challenges. Therefore, we investigated the eff...

Classification-Based Detection and Quantification of Cross-Domain Data Bias in Materials Discovery.

Journal of chemical information and modeling
It stands to reason that the amount and the quality of data are of key importance for setting up accurate artificial intelligence (AI)-driven models. Among others, a fundamental aspect to consider is the bias introduced during sample selection in dat...

Concordance-based Predictive Uncertainty (CPU)-Index: Proof-of-concept with application towards improved specificity of lung cancers on low dose screening CT.

Artificial intelligence in medicine
In this paper, we introduce a novel concordance-based predictive uncertainty (CPU)-Index, which integrates insights from subgroup analysis and personalized AI time-to-event models. Through its application in refining lung cancer screening (LCS) predi...

AI-based plastic waste sorting method utilizing object detection models for enhanced classification.

Waste management (New York, N.Y.)
The export ban on plastic waste by China has brought domestic plastic recycling to the forefront of environmental concerns, with sorting being a crucial step in the recycling process. This study assessed the performance of advanced AI models, Mask R-...

Automated Segmentation of Graft Material in 1-Stage Sinus Lift Based on Artificial Intelligence: A Retrospective Study.

Clinical implant dentistry and related research
OBJECTIVES: Accurate assessment of postoperative bone graft material changes after the 1-stage sinus lift is crucial for evaluating long-term implant survival. However, traditional manual labeling and segmentation of cone-beam computed tomography (CB...

Engineering of Generative Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing Models to Accurately Identify Arrhythmia Recurrence.

Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology
BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) such as Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) excel at interpreting unstructured data from public sources, yet are limited when responding to queries on private repositories, such as electronic hea...

Investigating Older Adults' Perceptions of AI Tools for Medication Decisions: Vignette-Based Experimental Survey.

Journal of medical Internet research
BACKGROUND: Given the public release of large language models, research is needed to explore whether older adults would be receptive to personalized medication advice given by artificial intelligence (AI) tools.

Public health perspectives on green efficiency through smart cities, artificial intelligence for healthcare and low carbon building materials.

Frontiers in public health
INTRODUCTION: Smart cities, artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, and low-carbon building materials are pivotal to public health, environmental sustainability, and green efficiency. Despite their critical importance, understanding public percep...