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Large Language Models

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Rising Influence of Artificial Intelligence: Trends in Large Language Model Usage in Dermatology Residency Personal Statements.

Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD
With the public release of ChatGPT before the 2024 dermatology residency application cycle, applicants gained access to an advanced language model capable of generating or enhancing personal statements. This study examines trends in artificial intell...

Exploratory Analysis of Nationwide Japanese Patient Safety Reports on Suicide and Suicide Attempts Among Inpatients With Cancer Using Large Language Models.

Psycho-oncology
OBJECTIVE: Patients with cancer have a high risk of suicide. However, evidence-based preventive measures remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate suicide prevention strategies for hospitalized patients with cancer by analyzing nationwide patie...

High-performance automated abstract screening with large language model ensembles.

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA
OBJECTIVE: screening is a labor-intensive component of systematic review involving repetitive application of inclusion and exclusion criteria on a large volume of studies. We aimed to validate large language models (LLMs) used to automate abstract sc...

Robust privacy amidst innovation with large language models through a critical assessment of the risks.

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the integration of electronic health records (EHRs) and natural language processing (NLP) with large language models (LLMs) to enhance healthcare data management and patient care, focusing on using advanced language mo...

Utilizing large language models for detecting hospital-acquired conditions: an empirical study on pulmonary embolism.

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA
OBJECTIVES: Adverse event detection from Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) is challenging due to the low incidence of the event, variability in clinical documentation, and the complexity of data formats. Pulmonary embolism as an adverse event (PEAE) ...

Enhancing Large Language Models with Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Radiology-Specific Approach.

Radiology. Artificial intelligence
Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a strategy to improve the performance of large language models (LLMs) by providing an LLM with an updated corpus of knowledge that can be used for answer generation in real time. RAG may improve LLM performance...

Large language models are less effective at clinical prediction tasks than locally trained machine learning models.

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA
OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent to which current large language models (LLMs) can serve as substitutes for traditional machine learning (ML) as clinical predictors using data from electronic health records (EHRs), we investigated various factors ...

Enhancing Malignancy Detection and Tumor Classification in Pathology Reports: A Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models.

Studies in health technology and informatics
BACKGROUND: Cancer registries require accurate and efficient documentation of malignancies, yet current manual methods are time-consuming and error-prone.

Development of a Synthetic Oncology Pathology Dataset for Large Language Model Evaluation in Medical Text Classification.

Studies in health technology and informatics
BACKGROUND: Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promising applications in oncology pathology report classification, improving efficiency, accuracy, and automation. However, the use of real patient data is restricted due to legal and ethical concerns, ...

Evaluation of the Performance of a Large Language Model to Extract Signs and Symptoms from Clinical Notes.

Studies in health technology and informatics
Large language models (LLMs) have increasingly been used to extract critical information from unstructured clinical notes, which often include important details not captured in the structured sections of electronic health records (EHRs). This study a...