AIMC Topic: Large Language Models

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Human in the Loop: Embedding Medical Expert Input in Large Language Models for Clinical Applications.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
The state-of-the-art performance of large language models (LLMs) in medical natural language (NLP) tasks, including medical query answering, summarization of clinical notes, and generation of medical reports has led to the development of a large numb...
Natural Language Processing Expert Systems Large Language Models Epilepsies, Myoclonic Biological Ontologies Humans Electronic Health Records
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An Ensemble Approach Integrating Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models and Boosting Algorithms for Enhanced Catatonia Phenotyping.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
A critical first step in using large-scale data to study catatonia is the development of precise phenotyping algorithms that can identify instances of the condition. In this work, we present an ensemble approach that combines retrieval-augmented gene...
Algorithms Phenotype Electronic Health Records Humans Machine Learning Catatonia Natural Language Processing Large Language Models
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Pilot Application of a Large Language Model to Identify Hospitalisation from Unstructured Electronic Health Records in Residential Aged Care Facilities.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
Older people in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) visit hospitals and utilise healthcare services more often than others in the community. Trends in hospitalization rates are essential for designing targeted aged care interventions to reduce p...
Humans Electronic Health Records Data Mining Large Language Models Homes for the Aged Pilot Projects Australia Natural Language Processing Hospitalization Aged
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Integrating Large Language Models and Machine Learning for Enhanced Catatonia Phenotyping: A Study on Clinical Data from Electronic Health Records.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
Catatonia, a complex syndrome with diagnostic challenges, was studied using a novel approach combining LightGBM and GPT-4 to enhance phenotyping from electronic health record (EHR) data. LightGBM, trained on structured data, achieved superior perform...
Natural Language Processing Large Language Models Catatonia Phenotype Electronic Health Records Humans Machine Learning
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Enhancing Interpretability of Ocular Disease Diagnosis: A Zero-Shot Study of Multimodal Large Language Models.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
Visual foundation models have advanced ocular disease diagnosis, yet providing interpretable explanations remains challenging. We evaluate multimodal LLMs for generating explanations of ocular diagnoses, combining Vision Transformer-derived saliency ...
Natural Language Processing Eye Diseases Large Language Models Humans Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted
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A large language model for predicting neurotoxic peptides and neurotoxins.

Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society Aug 1, 2025
The accurate prediction of neurotoxicity in peptides and proteins is essential for the safety evaluation of therapeutic proteins and genetically modified (GM) organisms. Existing tools, including our earlier method NTxPred, typically use a single pre...
Large Language Models Neurotoxins Peptides Databases, Protein Humans Machine Learning Software
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RAPID: Reliable and efficient Automatic generation of submission rePortIng checklists with large language moDels.

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA Aug 1, 2025
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate an automated reporting checklist generation tool using large language models and retrieval augmentation generation technology, called RAPID.
Artificial Intelligence Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Periodicals as Topic Research Report Publishing Humans Large Language Models Information Storage and Retrieval Checklist
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Confidence-linked and uncertainty-based staged framework for phenotype validation using large language models.

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA Aug 1, 2025
OBJECTIVES: This study develops and validates the confidence-linked and uncertainty-based staged (CLUES) framework by integrating large language models (LLMs) with uncertainty quantification to assist manual chart review while ensuring reliability th...
Electronic Health Records Republic of Korea Hospitalization Natural Language Processing Reproducibility of Results Humans Phenotype Uncertainty Stroke Large Language Models
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Integrating Large language models into radiology workflow: Impact of generating personalized report templates from summary.

European journal of radiology Aug 1, 2025
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate feasibility of large language models (LLMs) to convert radiologist-generated report summaries into personalized report templates, and assess its impact on scan reporting time and quality.
Natural Language Processing Workflow Feasibility Studies Female Male Radiology Information Systems Large Language Models Retrospective Studies Tomography, X-Ray Computed Humans
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Evaluating the Performance of Reasoning Large Language Models on Japanese Radiology Board Examination Questions.

Academic radiology Aug 1, 2025
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: This study evaluates the performance, cost, and processing time of OpenAI's reasoning large language models (LLMs) (o1-preview, o1-mini) and their base models (GPT-4o, GPT-4o-mini) on Japanese radiology board examination que...
Large Language Models Radiology Japan Specialty Boards Language Educational Measurement
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