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Probability

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Patient selection for proton therapy using Normal Tissue Complication Probability with deep learning dose prediction for oropharyngeal cancer.

Medical physics
BACKGROUND: In cancer care, determining the most beneficial treatment technique is a key decision affecting the patient's survival and quality of life. Patient selection for proton therapy (PT) over conventional radiotherapy (XT) currently entails co...

One T Gate Makes Distribution Learning Hard.

Physical review letters
The task of learning a probability distribution from samples is ubiquitous across the natural sciences. The output distributions of local quantum circuits are of central importance in both quantum advantage proposals and a variety of quantum machine ...

Calibrating ensembles for scalable uncertainty quantification in deep learning-based medical image segmentation.

Computers in biology and medicine
Uncertainty quantification in automated image analysis is highly desired in many applications. Typically, machine learning models in classification or segmentation are only developed to provide binary answers; however, quantifying the uncertainty of ...

Deep Neural Networks for Predicting Single-Cell Responses and Probability Landscapes.

ACS synthetic biology
Engineering biology relies on the accurate prediction of cell responses. However, making these predictions is challenging for a variety of reasons, including the stochasticity of biochemical reactions, variability between cells, and incomplete inform...

External validation of machine learning algorithm predicting prolonged opioid prescriptions in opioid-naïve lumbar spine surgery patients using a Taiwanese cohort.

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Identifying patients at risk of prolonged opioid use after surgery prompts appropriate prescription and personalized treatment plans. The Skeletal Oncology Research Group machine learning algorithm (SORG-MLA) was developed to pred...

Dissecting unsupervised learning through hidden Markov modeling in electrophysiological data.

Journal of neurophysiology
Unsupervised, data-driven methods are commonly used in neuroscience to automatically decompose data into interpretable patterns. These patterns differ from one another depending on the assumptions of the models. How these assumptions affect specific ...

Human-machine cooperation meta-model for clinical diagnosis by adaptation to human expert's diagnostic characteristics.

Scientific reports
Artificial intelligence (AI) using deep learning approaches the capabilities of human experts in medical image diagnosis. However, due to liability issues in medical decisions, AI is often relegated to an assistant role. Based on this responsibility ...

Adv-BDPM: Adversarial attack based on Boundary Diffusion Probability Model.

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society
Deep neural networks have become increasingly significant in our daily lives due to their remarkable performance. The issue of adversarial examples, which are responsible for the vulnerability problem of deep neural networks, has attracted the attent...

ActivePPI: quantifying protein-protein interaction network activity with Markov random fields.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)
MOTIVATION: Protein-protein interactions (PPI) are crucial components of the biomolecular networks that enable cells to function. Biological experiments have identified a large number of PPI, and these interactions are stored in knowledge bases. Howe...

The Deep Generative Decoder: MAP estimation of representations improves modelling of single-cell RNA data.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)
MOTIVATION: Learning low-dimensional representations of single-cell transcriptomics has become instrumental to its downstream analysis. The state of the art is currently represented by neural network models, such as variational autoencoders, which us...