FDA General

ChatGPT-5-Based large language model analysis versus an FDA-approved AI-CAD system for thyroid nodule ultrasound evaluation.

PURPOSE: Recent advances in multimodal large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising potential for medical image analysis, yet their diagnostic capability in thyroid ultrasound remains unverified. This study explored the feasibility of ChatGPT-5, the latest multimodal LLM, for thyroid nodule classification and contextualized its diagnostic performance against S-Detect, an FDA-approved c...

FDA-Recon: Feature and data alignment reconstruction for sparse-view CBCT.

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) enables real-time three-dimensional imaging for patients, which is of great significance in improving the precision of radiotherapy and interventional procedures. Sparse-view CBCT, which can relax the readout rate of flat-panel detectors and reduce the radiation dose of X-rays, is a promising technology. However, sparse sampling can lead to streak artifacts in ...

Beneficial effect of animal skin-derived bioactive peptides on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review on preparation, structure-activity relationship, and blood glucose regulation mechanism.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global disease threatening human health. Regulating blood glucose homeostasis is a key strategy for the treatment...

Problematizing the role of artificial intelligence in hiring and organizational inequalities: A multidisciplinary review.

What are the implications of the growing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in recruitment and hiring for organizational inequalities? While advocate...

Morphological regulation of filamentous fungi improves industrial production.

Filamentous fungi have emerged as ideal chassis cells for high-value products such as industrial enzymes, therapeutic proteins, and antibiotics, due t...

Factors Impacting the Performance of Deep Learning Detection of Pulmonary Emboli.

OBJECTIVE: AI models are increasingly adopted in clinical practice, yet their generalizability outside controlled validation settings remains unclear....

Stage-specific FeS-mediated regulation of Paracoccus denitrificans during carbon consumption by machine learning-assisted comparative proteomics.

Inorganic electron donors improve low C/N wastewater denitrification performance and management. This study used an integrated strategy combining prot...

Structural alterations related to emotion dysregulation, anxiety and self-harm in adolescents borderline personality disorder. A source-based morphometry study.

OBJECTIVE: Previous research suggests that adolescents with BPD (aBPD) exhibit distinct neuroanatomical alterations, although methodological limitatio...

Integrative machine learning reveals hidden and emerging co-regulatory gene networks for multi-phase glioblastoma outcome prediction.

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly prevalent and aggressive type of brain tumor characterized by profound molecular complexity and poor progno...

Characterizing endotypes in chronic rhinosinusitis: emerging research and clinical applications.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this study is to describe why this review is timely and relevant. Endotyping, the organization of rhinologic inflamm...

Central control of gastrointestinal functions in health and disease.

Thanks to its extensive intrinsic (enteric) neural networks spanning its entire length, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has long been recognized for i...

PEGASUS: Unlocking Polarity in Cell-Permeable Cyclic Peptides Using AI Models Built on Massively Parallel Biological Assays.

Cyclic peptides are a promising class of therapeutics that have the potential for oral bioavailability but are hindered by cell membrane permeability ...

Bidirectional regulation strategies of food microorganisms based on mechanistic insights into temperature, osmotic, and acid stresses.

Food microorganisms act as a double-edged sword in production and storage. Beneficial microbes create distinctive flavor, texture, and nutritional val...

FDA-Approved AI Solutions in Dental Imaging: A Narrative Review of Applications, Evidence, and Outlook.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly transformed dental imaging by enabling automated detection, diagnosis, and analysis of...

Machine learning-guided repurposing of FDA-approved quinolones as dual cholinesterase inhibitors: A multi-level docking, molecular dynamics, DFT, and SHAP-based analysis.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves progressive cholinergic degeneration, with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) playing key ...

Plant-derived angiotensin-converting enzyme regulatory peptides: Potential sources, mechanisms and applications.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is mainly categorized into ACE-1 and ACE-2, both of which play significant roles in human physiological balance an...

Circadian rhythm: An emerging force for colorectal cancer treatment.

The relationship between circadian rhythm disorder and the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) has received attention. The circadian...

Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of artificial intelligence-enhanced osteoporosis screening in men and women using routine chest radiographs in South Korea.

South Korea, now a "super-aged" society, faces a rising burden of fragility fractures, yet underdiagnosis remains a major barrier, with limited DXA ac...

Allosteric prediction via convolutional neural networks and protein structural and dynamical features.

Allostery is the phenomenon whereby a binding event or covalent modification at one site in a protein modulates function at a distal site, thus changi...

Lipidomics-driven insights into acupuncture mechanisms: From dynamic signaling networks to multi-dimensional regulations.

This review summarizes lipidomics as a key approach to dissect the multi-dimensional regulatory mechanisms of acupuncture, and reveals the role of lip...