Inflammatory Bowel Disease

AI-assisted second forward-view examination of the right colon significantly improves the adenoma detection rate: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Adenomas in the right colon are likely to be missed during colonoscopy because of anatomical complexity and lesion characteristics. Although reinspection strategies and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted colonoscopy improve adenoma detection, prospective randomized studies of their combined effectiveness in the right colon are limited. This multicenter randomized controlled trial ai...

AI-derived Histopathological Signatures Are Associated With Response to Mepolizumab in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps.

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease with variable response to biologic therapy. Tissue-based predictors of treatment response are limited, and conventional eosinophil-focused histopathology has shown inconsistent predictive value.ObjectiveTo assess whether artificial intelligence (AI)-derived baseline histopathology of nasal polyps co...

Beyond ICD-10 Codes: A Multi-class Machine-Learning Approach to Identify True IBD Cases in Electronic Medical Records.

PURPOSE: The adoption of electronic medical records (EMRs) has expanded research opportunities. International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes a...

Keeping the endoscopist in the loop: can artificial intelligence improve colonoscopy without deskilling endoscopists?

Microbiome-Driven Precision Medicine in Asthma: Roles of Targeted Therapies and Artificial Intelligence.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the current evidence regarding airway and gut microbiome alterations in asthma pathogenesis and therapeutic response, and to ex...

Radiotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer treatment: mechanisms of clinical synergy.

Synergizing radiotherapy (RT) with immune checkpoint inhibitors has emerged as a promising strategy for solid tumors. RT acts as a potent immunomodula...

GPCR Biology-Informed Drug Discovery in Asthma.

Advances in GPCR biology and drug-discovery technology are simultaneously reshaping what can be targeted in asthma and how those strategies must be va...

Self-supervised monocular depth estimation for colonoscopy using normal-guided cross-attention.

PURPOSE: Reliable 3D reconstruction of colonoscopic scenes can facilitate navigation and enhance lesion assessment by indicating the regions that have...

VIGIL: Vision-Language Guided Multiple Instance Learning Framework for Ulcerative Colitis Histological Healing Prediction.

OBJECTIVE: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic inflammation with alternating remission-relapse cycles, necessitating precise histologi...

LIMK1 and PKM as Integratively Identified Transcriptomic Signatures in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves complex immunometabolic dysregulation. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) link m...

β-Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Mycobacterium smegmatis Porin A for Steroid Discrimination and Gut Metabolite Monitoring.

Steroid metabolites like estradiol (E2) and bile acids (BAs) play pivotal roles in human metabolism but are challenging to distinguish due to their hi...

Rapid Resolution of Hypoxemia is Common and Associated with Lower Mortality Among Intubated Patients with Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence, clinical trajectory, and biologic phenotype of patients with rapidly improving acute hypoxemic respiratory failur...

Artificial intelligence in dermatologic pharmacokinetics: quantitative modeling, clinical translation, and optimization of precision therapeutics.

INTRODUCTION: Dermatology is rapidly transitioning from broad-spectrum therapies toward biologics, nanotechnology-based drug delivery, and precision t...

Cost-effectiveness and environmental impact of artificial intelligence-assisted colonoscopy with the resect-and-discard strategy: a microsimulation study.

Background Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted colonoscopy reduces costs in colorectal cancer screening, but its incremental value relative to non-A...

A blood-based test for detection of advanced adenomas and colorectal cancer (DENEB): a multicentre diagnostic accuracy study.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is the third most common and second deadliest cancer in the USA, but cases and deaths are preventable through appropriat...

Causal associations between hormone replacement therapy and brain structure: Evidence from large-scale Mendelian randomization and double machine learning.

BACKGROUND: Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is widely prescribed for the management of hormone deficiency, particularly during menopause, yet its ca...

Evaluating clinical and neuroimaging predictors for cognitive-behavioral therapy outcome in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the first-line treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), yet a significant number of patients do not ac...

The impact of outdoor living space access on the dairy cow metabolome profile.

Welfare assessment of housed dairy cattle currently relies on subjective, snapshot-like observations that fail to capture the physiological impacts of...

Clinical appraisal of handheld intestinal ultrasound in inflammatory bowel disease: Where are we now?

Gastroenterologist-performed intestinal ultrasound (IUS) is increasingly used to monitor inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) due to its noninvasive, real...

Metabolomics predict treatment response to vedolizumab in pediatric IBD: results from the prospective VedoKids cohort study.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Metabolites produced through host-microbe interactions may help associate metabolomic signatures with therapy response. We aimed t...