Pulmonology

A 19-layer convolutional neural network for accurate COVID-19 detection in chest X-ray images: comparative analysis with pretrained networks.

One of the most conspicuous developments in the unprecedented worldwide epidemic of COVID-19 is the pressing demand for reliable diagnostic tools. Utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) and image processing algorithms, this work proposes a novel 19-layer Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for accurate COVID-19 detection from chest X-ray images. This CNN architecture supports structure with single/...

A Promptable 3D-CT Foundation Model-Based Approach for Pulmonary Embolism.

PURPOSE: Blood clot volume (BCV), defined as the total three-dimensional (3D) volume of the thrombus on computed tomography angiography (CTA), is an objective biomarker of pulmonary embolism (PE) severity whose clinical use is limited by time-consuming manual segmentation. This study evaluates ClotIA (Clot Interventional AI), a foundation model (FM)-based approach designed for rapid and interactiv...

Tensor enhanced chest cancer classification via CNN and Vision Transformer models.

Lung diseases, particularly lung cancer, remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for approximately 1.8 million deaths annually. Earl...

Machine learning assessment of pathologic response in lung cancer resections after neoadjuvant therapy - IASLC MPR Project.

INTRODUCTION: Machine learning algorithms may improve efficiency and accuracy of pathologic response (PR) assessment in surgically resected lung cance...

Identification of Pathological Secretions in Bronchoscopic Images Based on Edge Features and Multi-Scale Attention Mechanism.

The accumulation of pathological bronchial secretions compromises ventilation and oxygenation in critically ill patients and may lead to atelectasis o...

Marker-less Body Surface Registration with 3D imaging for Percutaneous Intervention with Smartphone Augmented Reality in Phantoms and in vivo.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of automatic surface tracking registration with a smartphone augmented reality (AR) guidance system for percutaneous...

Characteristics of Plausible Source Cases Responsible for Recent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission, United States, 2018-2022.

Tuberculosis (TB) outbreaks in the United States can cause substantial illness. Using surveillance and genotyping data, we applied a plausible source-...

Advancing Lithium-Oxygen Batteries: Pioneering Cathode Catalyst Innovation and Artificial Intelligence-Driven Design Paradigms.

Lithium-oxygen batteries (LOBs) are regarded as one of the most promising next-generation energy storage systems, owing to their exceptionally high th...

Monitoring What Matters: Artificial Intelligence, Inspiratory Effort, and Patient-Ventilator Interaction in the ICU.

High Polarity Doping of CoFe Layered Hydroxides: Bifunctional and Corrosion-Resistant Anion Exchange Membrane Seawater Electrolyzers.

Green hydrogen production through seawater electrolysis is a promising strategy, although challenges such as sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) ...

Integrative multi-omics analysis identifies a circadian rhythm-associated gene signature for prognosis and therapeutic stratification in lung adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Circadian rhythm disruption is increasingly implicated in tumor progression and therapy resistance. However, its prognostic val...

Targeting Type 2 and Non-type 2 Asthma: Emerging Biologics and Personalized Strategies.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Asthma continues to pose a serious global health issue affecting billions of people and causing significant morbidity. It is immuno...

Estimating a Physiological Lung Function Score and Biological Sex Using Pulmonary Function Tests and Machine Learning: Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND: Sex and age have long been known to affect lung function. Several biological variables and anatomical factors may contribute to sex- and a...

FreeTune4D: Anatomy-Aware 4D-MRI Motion Reconstruction Benchmark and Free Fine-Tuning Framework.

Deep learning and prior-image-guided cross modality motion reconstruction methods have recently en abled faster acquisition time and lower artifacts i...

An Interpretable Multidimensional Acoustic Physiology Map for COPD Using Digital Lung Sounds.

BACKGROUND: Lung sound analysis may capture chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) related physiology, but many methods are hard to interpret cl...

AI for predicting exacerbations in KIDs with asthma (AIRE-KIDS).

Recurrent acute care visits are a common yet preventable outcome for many children with asthma. Machine learning (ML) applied to electronic medical re...

FOSTER: A Comprehensive Pipeline for Transabdominal Fetal Pulse Oximetry Validated in a Large Animal Model of Pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: Transabdominal fetal pulse oximetry (TFO) has the potential to supplement present intrapartum fetal monitoring approaches, which cannot acc...

Zero-Shot Unsupervised Motion Estimation for Motion-Corrected Cardiac T1 Mapping.

OBJECTIVE: Cardiac quantitative MRI (qMRI) is a powerful imaging technique for diagnosing pathologies such as diffuse myocardial fibrosis. One main ch...

Prediction of Cardiovascular Risk Using Machine Learning Based on Maximal Oxygen Consumption, Physical Fitness, and Anthropometry.

Cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence, often persist into adulthood, with low cardiorespiratory fitness representing one of the strongest predict...

A Dual-Branch Cross-Attention Fusion Network for Multi-Subtype Lung Cancer Classification.

BACKGROUND: Accurate lung cancer subtyping from CT images is essential for treatment planning. However, manual interpretation suffers from inter-obser...