Pulmonology

Transformative Role of Advanced Neural Computation in Clinical Image Diagnostics: A Review of Key Concepts and Applications.

Medical imaging plays a crucial role in modern diagnostic practices, but traditional techniques often face limitations in accuracy, efficiency, and scalability. The emergence of deep learning (DL) has led to significant improvements that are transforming this field. This review discusses how DL algorithms are enhancing diagnostic imaging by improving accuracy, enabling automated analysis, and supp...

Development and Validation of an Explainable Machine Learning Model to Assess the Prevalence Probability of Gastrointestinal Heat Retention Syndrome in Children: Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Health problems associated with energy metabolism imbalance have received increasing attention. Our team was the first to propose the concept of gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome (GHRS). Triggered by high-calorie diets and excessive energy intake, GHRS is strongly associated with recurrent respiratory infections and other pediatric conditions in children. Existing research on GH...

An attention-infused deep convolutional paradigm for multi-label classification of thoracic pathologies in chest radiographs.

This research proposes an empirical benchmarking study of an attention-infused deep convolutional framework for multi-label thoracic pathology classif...

Optimizing lung cancer diagnosis using improved fungal growth optimizer-based medical image segmentation.

Medical image segmentation is one of the most important processes in computer-aided diagnosis. It plays a critical role in detecting and analyzing dis...

Endomyocardial Gremlin-1 is associated with structural remodeling and adverse clinical outcomes in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUND: Risk stratification in non-ischemic cardiomyopathies (NICM) remains challenging despite guideline-based phenotypic classification using mu...

Lung Recruitment Maneuvers During Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: Single-Center Retrospective PICU Cohort Study, 2016-2023.

OBJECTIVES: Recruitment maneuvers (RMs) during invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure are not characterized in ...

Correction: TB-DROP: deep learning-based drug resistance prediction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis utilizing whole genome mutations.

Lung ultrasound feature tracking to quantify regional lung strain in mechanically ventilated pigs.

BACKGROUND: In patients requiring respiratory support, clinicians rely on physical exam, radiologic, laboratory, and ventilator-derived measures for t...

ADC Target Profiling in NSCLC: Generalizable AI Separates TROP-2 and cMET Phenotypes.

PURPOSE: Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) targeting trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP-2) and cMET are entering clinical trials in non-small cell ...

Integrative machine learning and CRISPR/Cas9 analysis reveals the role of APOE in lipid metabolism-associated kidney fibrosis.

Kidney fibrosis, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition and progressive renal tissue remodeling, frequently culminates in End-stag...

Definitions and Severity/Risk Prediction Tools for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a major complication of extreme prematurity, but diagnosis and severity classification have becom...

A multi-fidelity poroelastic finite element and machine learning framework for characterizing respiratory mechanics in porcine lungs.

Accurate and rapid characterization of lung mechanics remains a central challenge in respiratory disease management. Physics-informed poroelastic fini...

Behaviour artificial intelligence technology to support the decision-making process of continuation or withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy.

BACKGROUND: Withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining therapy (LST) is common in European ICUs but significant variations exist. Behaviour artificia...

Machine learning-based detection of missed inspiratory efforts using esophageal pressure during noisy pressure support ventilation.

BACKGROUND: Missed inspiratory efforts represent one of the most frequent and clinically relevant forms of patient-ventilator asynchrony during assist...

Large-scale discovery platform enables identification of peptides targeting drug-resistant candidiasis.

Natural products have an unparalleled track record as sources of clinical drugs. Among them, nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) stand as one of the most the...

Calceolarioside B alleviates airway barrier dysfunction and inflammation via targeting P2Y6R in OVA-triggered asthma.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by barrier dysfunction and excessive inflammatory response. In this study, we identified...

Artificial Intelligence Interpretation of Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Microgravity.

INTRODUCTION: Long-duration space missions demand reliable, portable, and autonomous medical diagnostic tools. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is ideal for spac...

Exploring tuberculosis physicians' preferences for AI explainability in China: a protocol for a discrete choice experiment.

INTRODUCTION: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis, but its clinical adoption depends not only on accuracy...

Artificial intelligence for child health: current capabilities and the next frontier.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping paediatric healthcare, offering new capabilities across diagnosis, monitoring and treatment personalisation....

From Speech to Sonography: Spectral Networks for Ultrasound Microstructure Classification.

The frequency dependence of backscattered radiofrequency (RF) signals produced by ultrasound scanners carries rich information related to the tissue m...