Pulmonology

A Panel of Circulating Exosomal sncRNAs Associated With Lung Cancer Risk up to 10 Years in Advance.

Current lung cancer screening fails to identify many individuals at risk beyond heavy smokers, highlighting the need for additional predictive biomarkers. This study profiles circulating exosomal small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) in a prospective cohort of 202 smokers, including 68 incident lung cancer cases with up to 16 years of follow-up. A structured 5 × 5 nested cross-validation framework incor...

BraMARS: An Interpretable Histopathology-Driven Deep Learning Model for Brain Metastasis Risk Stratification in Surgically Resected Limited-Stage SCLC.

Brain metastasis (BM) is a major cause of mortality in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC). Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) reduces BM incidence but carries neurotoxicity and lacks individualized risk assessment. Here, we developed BraMARS, an explainable deep learning model that estimates future BM risk from routine H&E-stained whole-slide images of resected LS-SCLC. BraMARS dem...

Cross-Silo Federated Learning for Predicting Successful Mechanical Ventilation Weaning Across 5 Intensive Care Unit Databases: Retrospective Database Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The prediction of weaning from mechanical ventilation (MV) can support clinical decision-making and help reduce the risk of weaning failur...

Integrating Quantitative CT Biomarkers to Enhance COPD Detection in the HANSE Lung Cancer Screening Program.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer screening offers an opportunity to enhance COPD detection among adults exposed to tobacco smoke, yet guidance on CT-based refe...

Integrated Computational and In Vivo Evidence Prioritizes MYH6 as a Candidate Node in PFOS-Associated HCM-like Cardiac Remodeling.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), particularly perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), persist in humans and have been associated with cardiovascu...

Interpretable modeling for material transportation process in an industrial cement vertical roller mill.

Vertical roller mills (VRMs) dominate cement finish grinding because of their high efficiency and dry operation. However, the interaction among ventil...

Research progress of confocal laser endomicroscopy in malignant respiratory diseases: A review.

The diagnosis and monitoring of malignant respiratory diseases are heavily reliant on imaging techniques and tissue biopsies. Confocal laser endomicro...

GPCR Biology-Informed Drug Discovery in Asthma.

Advances in GPCR biology and drug-discovery technology are simultaneously reshaping what can be targeted in asthma and how those strategies must be va...

Large language model accuracy in inhaler technique counselling for asthma and COPD: A comparison of free and paid models across ten devices.

OBJECTIVE: To compare ten large language models (LLMs) from seven AI companies, across free and paid tiers, on inhaler technique instruction accuracy ...

Volatomic profiling of blood identifies environmental chemicals associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in lean US adults.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects lean individuals, but the contribution of environmental exposures...

Artificial Intelligence in Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine: A Perspective on Augmentation, Accountability, and Policy.

Machine-Learned Dynamics of Surface Polarons at Reduced Oxide Surfaces.

Reducible oxides exhibit a rich interplay of electronic, structural, and chemical properties that underpin applications in catalysis, photovoltaics, b...

First-Principles and Machine Learning Study of ML-P4/mmm-LaBr2: A Promising Flexible Electronic Material.

Flexible electronic materials are essential for the development of next-generation devices that maintain reliable performance under mechanical deforma...

Construction of an associative model for prolonged intensive care unit stay in sepsis patients combined with myocardial injury.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the factors contributing to Prolonged Length of Stay (PLOS) in intensive care units for sepsis patients combin...

Comprehensive review of chronic kidney disease molecular biomarkers: Clinical significance, human health impact, and emerging diagnostic strategies.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a global public health crisis, affecting over 800 million people worldwide. Driven primarily by diabetes and hypertens...

Histopathological Differences Between Idiopathic and Secondary Interstitial Pneumonia: An Elastic Fiber-Oriented Deep Learning Analysis.

Fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are classified into histopathological patterns by the idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) classificatio...

ADRB2 Modulates Asbestos-Induced Pleural Mesothelioma Progression by Influencing IL-17/NF-κB-Related Inflammatory Signalling: An Integrated Network Toxicology, Multi-Omics and Experimental Study.

Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a highly aggressive asbestos-related malignancy with poor prognosis and limited early diagnostic options. In this study, ...

AI-Derived Score to Predict Effort Intolerance and Adverse Outcome across the Heart Failure Spectrum.

AIMS: To develop and externally validate an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven model to predict effort intolerance (i.e., peak oxygen uptake [VO₂] <1...

Using AI to determine optimal cost-effective diagnostic pathways for chronic breathlessness.

Breathlessness is a common symptom in clinical practice, yet evidence for cost-effective strategies to diagnose the underlying health conditions causi...

Radiomics-Based AI for Predicting Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy Pathological Response in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Accurate early prediction of response ...