AIMC Topic: Neocortex

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Task success in trained spiking neural network models coincides with emergence of cross-stimulus-modulated inhibition.

Biological cybernetics
The neocortex is composed of spiking neurons interconnected in a sparse, recurrent network. Spiking activity within these networks underlies the computations that transform sensory inputs into appropriate behavioral responses. In this study, we train...

Light-field deep learning enables high-throughput, scattering-mitigated calcium imaging.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Light-field microscopy (LFM) enables high-throughput functional imaging by scanlessly encoding entire volumes in single snapshots. However, LFM's computational burden and vulnerability to scattering limit its application to biological imaging. We pre...

Interactions between long- and short-term synaptic plasticity transform temporal neural representations into spatial.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Information processing in the brain relies on the transmission of spikes through chemical synapses whose efficacies often depend on their recent firing history. While effects of such short-term plasticity on neural information processing have long be...

D-amphetamine alters the dynamic ECoG activity distribution patterns in the rat neocortex.

Scientific reports
Amphetamine has widespread effects on multiple neurotransmitter systems, potentially altering the physiological connectivity and network dynamics across various regions of the brain. In this study, we investigated the effects of D-amphetamine using o...

Biologically grounded neocortex computational primitives implemented on neuromorphic hardware improve vision transformer performance.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Understanding the computational principles of the brain and translating them into neuromorphic hardware and modern deep learning architectures is critical for advancing neuro-inspired AI (NeuroAI). Here, we develop an experimentally constrained, biop...

Cooperative actions of interneuron families support the hippocampal spatial code.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
Identifying the computational roles of different neuron families is crucial for understanding neural networks. Most neural diversity is embodied in various types of γ-aminobutyric acid-mediated (GABAergic) interneurons, grouped into four major famili...

Computational models suggest that human memory judgments exhibit interference due to the use of overlapping representations.

Psychological review
Episodic memory is a core function that allows us to remember the events of our lives. Given that many events in our life contain overlapping elements (e.g., similar people and places), it is critical to understand how well we can remember the specif...

A disector-based framework for the automatic optical fractionator.

Journal of chemical neuroanatomy
Stereology-based methods provide the current state-of-the-art approaches for accurate quantification of numbers and other morphometric parameters of biological objects in stained tissue sections. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI)-based deep ...

Learning in deep neural networks and brains with similarity-weighted interleaved learning.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Understanding how the brain learns throughout a lifetime remains a long-standing challenge. In artificial neural networks (ANNs), incorporating novel information too rapidly results in catastrophic interference, i.e., abrupt loss of previously acquir...

Anomalous Behavior Detection Framework Using HTM-Based Semantic Folding Technique.

Computational and mathematical methods in medicine
Upon the working principles of the human neocortex, the Hierarchical Temporal Memory model has been developed which is a proposed theoretical framework for sequence learning. Both categorical and numerical types of data are handled by HTM. Semantic F...