Sexual dimorphism in prevalence, severity and genetic susceptibility exists for most common diseases. However, most genetic and clinical outcome studies are designed in sex-combined framework considering sex as a covariate. Few sex-specific studies h...
Biological sex is a crucial variable in neuroscience studies where sex differences have been documented across cognitive functions and neuropsychiatric disorders. While gross statistical differences have been previously documented in macroscopic brai...
BACKGROUND: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with radiographic damage is more prevalent in men than in women. IL-17, which is mainly secreted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), plays an important role in the development of AS. Its expression...
Determining the fundamental characteristics that define a face as "feminine" or "masculine" has long fascinated anatomists and plastic surgeons, particularly those involved in aesthetic and gender-affirming surgery. Previous studies in this area have...
BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggested that drawings made by preschool boys and girls show distinguishable differences. However, children's drawings on their own are too complexly determined and inherently ambiguous to be a reliable indicator. In the...
Over the past decade, the intricacies of sports-related concussions among female athletes have become readily apparent. Traditional clinical methods for diagnosing concussions suffer limitations when applied to female athletes, often failing to captu...
BACKGROUND: In gender-affirming surgery, facial skeletal dimorphism is an important topic for every craniofacial surgeon. Few cephalometric studies have assessed this topic; however, they fall short to provide skeletal contour insights that direct su...
High-grade glioma (HGG) is an aggressive brain tumor. Sex is an important factor that differentially affects survival outcomes in HGG. We used an end-to-end deep learning approach on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) scans to (i) identify sex-specific hist...
There has been extensive evidence that aging affects human brain function. However, there is no complete picture of what brain functional changes are mostly related to normal aging and how aging affects brain function similarly and differently betwee...
The emergence of microplastics (MPs) has become a significant focus of environmental pollution, prompting widespread concern regarding its potential toxicity and impact on the environment and organisms. Recent research indicates notable alterations i...