Pneumonia

Explainable AI for chest radiographs: sex-stratified fairness auditing in CNN-based pneumonia detection.

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems for chest X-ray (CXR) interpretation can achieve high standalone diagnostic accuracy, yet limited transparency raises concerns about subgroup disparities. We audited sex-stratified performance and attention patterns in CNN-based pneumonia detection using the RSNA Pneumonia Detection Challenge dataset (26,684 frontal adult CXRs). ImageNet-pretrained InceptionV3 ...

Advancing FAIR data towards comparable, organized, predictive AI-ready data for community validation.

The interrogation of data across biological and environmental systems has become increasingly complex. Fortunately, communities are adopting the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data principles for individual datasets, and continue to develop domain-specific, machine-actionable standards. However, integrating FAIR data for meta-analysis across data resources is still challengin...

Artificial Intelligence Across the Vaccine Clinical Trial Lifecycle: Evidence, Readiness, and Guardrails.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used to support clinical research, but its value in vaccine clinical trials requires careful eviden...

A CT-based deep learning model for the automated risk stratification of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children.

BACKGROUND: The accurate identification of children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) remains challenging. This study aimed to de...

Cancer Vaccine Development: Toward Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Personalized Cell Membrane Nanovaccine.

Cancer vaccines are an attractive immunotherapeutic approach, and numerous clinical trials are ongoing. However, most candidates have not achieved sta...

Limitations of public chest radiography datasets for artificial intelligence: label quality, domain shift, bias and evaluation challenges.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown significant promise in chest radiography, where deep learning models can approach radiologist-level diagnostic ...

The Influence of Robot Facial Expression and Inclusion Behavior on Rapport and Trust in Older Adults: Mixed-Factorial Experimental Study.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization framework for healthy aging emphasizes that the capacity to establish and sustain relationships is a vital c...

Chest Radiograph-based Artificial Intelligence for Osteoporosis: Accuracy and Associations With Fracture and Mortality.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate an AI tool for opportunistic osteoporosis screening using chest radiographs (CXRs), focusing on its diagnostic accuracy agains...

Circulating T-cell phenotypes are influenced by prior Staphylococcus aureus exposure in hemodialysis patients.

Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections are a significant risk for hemodialysis patients, who would significantly benefit from a preventative vac...

Impact of built environment on elderly walking in community life circles: age-friendly perspective, Wuchang District, Wuhan.

Rapid population aging underscores the need for walkable environments tailored to older adults. As community life circles serve as primary daily setti...

The effect of community intervention based on deep learning-established early screening system and model construction for stroke.

BACKGROUND: Stroke is a common cardiovascular complication. The machine learning (ML) algorithms in stroke is a new and noble approach. The objective ...

Global Trends and Insights in Cervical Cancer Research: A Bibliometric Analysis from 2000 to 2024.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignant disease in women worldwide. Although the promotion and use of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinati...

Geospatial approaches for mapping zero-dose prevalence and routine childhood immunisation coverage in low- and lower-middle-income countries: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Zero-dose (ZD) children remain a critical public health concern, particularly in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs), where ov...

Sharpness matters: Higher image resolution improves generalization and explainability in chest X-ray classification.

Deep learning (DL) chest radiograph (CXR) models are often trained on downsampled images to reduce computational overhead, despite clinical workflows ...

Community-driven advances in computational mass spectrometry: The perspective of EuBIC-MS members.

Advances in data acquisition, artificial intelligence, and integrative bioinformatics are driving the rapid evolution of computational mass spectromet...

Community Health Nurses' Perceptions of Emerging Artificial Intelligence and its Impact on Nursing Practice: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Study.

BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) continues to emerge into nursing practice with much of the AI research being conducted in the acute care sector...

A unified multi-task framework enables interpretable chest radiograph analysis.

BACKGROUND: While multimodal deep learning has advanced medical imaging analysis, existing black-box systems may remain confined to isolated tasks, of...

Artificial intelligence platform for promoting learning skills of people with autism spectrum disorder.

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that more than one billion people globally suffer from substantial disability. Involving and integrating i...

Development of an expert-annotated chest X-ray dataset to support AI validation in tuberculosis diagnosis.

OBJECTIVES: To assess inter-rater agreement and diagnostic performance of six United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-cert...

Health Atlas: Tutorial of a Visualization Tool and Data Resource for Place-Based Social and Structural Determinants of Health.

Places have a significant impact on health. Thus, examining place-based structural and social determinants can help inform effective public health int...