Smoking & Tobacco

The Development and Use of AI Chatbots for Health Behavior Change: Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are technologies that facilitate human-computer interaction through communication in a natural language format. By increasing cost-effectiveness, interaction, autonomy, personalization, and support, mobile health interventions can benefit health behavior change and make it more natural and intuitive. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to provide an up-to-...

CT-based radiomics nomogram for preoperative prediction of Ki-67 in lung neuroendocrine neoplasms: a multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE: Lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (L-NENs) are increasingly recognized, yet reliable preoperative assessment of the Ki-67 proliferation index remains invasive and subject to sampling variability. We aimed to develop and validate a clinical-radiomics nomogram that uses routine chest CT to estimate Ki-67 status in patients with L-NENs. METHODS: In this retrospective multicenter study, 199 pat...

Vaping Goes Viral: The Role of Commercial E-Cigarette Tweets in Youth E-Cigarette Use Susceptibility.

INTRODUCTION: Social media (SM) are major marketing platforms for e-cigarette product promotion, particularly among youth. While prior studies have es...

Retinal Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring - A Scalable Tool for Life Insurers.

BACKGROUND.—: Cardiovascular risk estimation for life insurance underwriting relies on risk estimation from conventional metrics: age, sex, smoking st...

Development and Validation of a Urinary Exosomal miRNA Diagnostic Panel for Early Detection of Esophageal Cancer.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with early detection being challenging. Although endosc...

Prediction model for cardiovascular mortality risk in asthma patients based on machine learning.

BackgroundAsthma is a common chronic respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality constitutes a major public health concern. At present...

Deep learning-guided engineering of pectinase for enhanced catalytic performance in tobacco processing.

Deep learning is revolutionizing enzyme engineering through efficient residue redesign. Leveraging deep learning for enzyme engineering, we redesigned...

Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation Topic Modeling to Uncover Latent Research Topics and Trends in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Bibliometric Review.

BACKGROUND: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common, often lethal kidney cancer that originates in the renal cortex. Its incidence is rising, and major...

Co-occurrence patterns and related risk factors of dementia and Parkinson's disease among older adults across 204 countries and territories: a spatial correspondence and systematic analysis.

BACKGROUND: Dementia and Parkinson's disease (PD) are among the most prevalent neurological disorders globally. Most previous research has focused on ...

Predictors of past 30-day vaping abstinence among young e-cigarette users: Machine learning analysis of a longitudinal cohort.

INTRODUCTION: Our existing knowledge on factors influencing vaping abstinence are still limited. The objective of this study was to build a machine le...

Prediction of the Preclinical Stage of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis on Nonimaging Data Integrating Prior Knowledge and Machine Learning.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to establish machine learning models using nonimaging data from health examinations of coal workers, which can screen the p...

Predicting cardiovascular diseases using imbalanced data: An XGBoost-based analysis of the 2022 BRFSS dataset.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, arising from complex interactions among demographic, clini...

Development of a long-term survival prediction model for patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography using ensemble-based machine learning in time-to-event analysis.

BACKGROUND: Prognosis prediction for high-risk patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography (ICA) is crucial for clinical decision-making. Despit...

Automated Lymph Node and Extranodal Extension Assessment Improves Risk Stratification in Oropharyngeal Carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Extranodal extension (ENE) is a biomarker in oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) but can only be diagnosed via surgical pathology. We applied an au...

An Unsupervised Learning Approach for Multimodal Low Back Pain Stratification.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE: This study proposes a novel stratification framework for individuals with low back pain (LBP). The met...

Targeting High-Risk Populations for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening: A Sex-Stratified Analysis in an Ethnicity Diverse Cohort Incorporating Machine Learning Tools.

BACKGROUND: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is usually asymptomatic, but rupture carries up to 90% mortality. Ultrasound screening reduces rupture-rel...

Quantitative CT of emphysema, wall thickness and mucus plugs in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: relationship to clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare genetic disorder leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Emphysema is the...

Predictors of glycemic control with imeglimin for type 2 diabetes: Results of machine learning analyses using clinical trial data.

INTRODUCTION: Identifying patient characteristics predictive of treatment response is crucial for optimizing type 2 diabetes outcomes. Using data from...

Design of the first national lung cancer screening program in the European Union: the Croatian Model.

OBJECTIVES: To address Croatia's high lung cancer mortality and late-stage diagnoses, the Ministry of Health initiated a multidisciplinary effort to d...

Applying machine learning in predicting medication treatment outcomes for opioid use disorder.

BACKGROUND: While medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is effective for a significant proportion of patients, many return to using opioids during...