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Causality

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Analysis of Causal Relationships in Integrated Ontologies of Diseases, Phenotypes, and Radiological Diagnosis.

Studies in health technology and informatics
Biomedical ontologies encode knowledge in a form that makes it computable. The current study used the integration of three large biomedical ontologies-the Disease Ontology (DO), Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO), and Radiology Gamuts Ontology (RGO)-to e...

AIPW: An R Package for Augmented Inverse Probability-Weighted Estimation of Average Causal Effects.

American journal of epidemiology
An increasing number of recent studies have suggested that doubly robust estimators with cross-fitting should be used when estimating causal effects with machine learning methods. However, not all existing programs that implement doubly robust estima...

Regularized Bayesian transfer learning for population-level etiological distributions.

Biostatistics (Oxford, England)
Computer-coded verbal autopsy (CCVA) algorithms predict cause of death from high-dimensional family questionnaire data (verbal autopsy) of a deceased individual, which are then aggregated to generate national and regional estimates of cause-specific ...

Invited Commentary: Machine Learning in Causal Inference-How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Count the Ways.

American journal of epidemiology
In this issue of the Journal, Mooney et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2021;190(8):1476-1482) discuss machine learning as a tool for causal research in the style of Internet headlines. Here we comment by adapting famous literary quotations, including the one i...

Thirteen Questions About Using Machine Learning in Causal Research (You Won't Believe the Answer to Number 10!).

American journal of epidemiology
Machine learning is gaining prominence in the health sciences, where much of its use has focused on data-driven prediction. However, machine learning can also be embedded within causal analyses, potentially reducing biases arising from model misspeci...

Machine Learning for Causal Inference: On the Use of Cross-fit Estimators.

Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)
BACKGROUND: Modern causal inference methods allow machine learning to be used to weaken parametric modeling assumptions. However, the use of machine learning may result in complications for inference. Doubly robust cross-fit estimators have been prop...

Reflection on modern methods: generalized linear models for prognosis and intervention-theory, practice and implications for machine learning.

International journal of epidemiology
Prediction and causal explanation are fundamentally distinct tasks of data analysis. In health applications, this difference can be understood in terms of the difference between prognosis (prediction) and prevention/treatment (causal explanation). Ne...

Reflection on modern methods: when worlds collide-prediction, machine learning and causal inference.

International journal of epidemiology
Causal inference requires theory and prior knowledge to structure analyses, and is not usually thought of as an arena for the application of prediction modelling. However, contemporary causal inference methods, premised on counterfactual or potential...