AIMC Topic: Humans

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Large Language Models, scientific knowledge and factuality: A framework to streamline human expert evaluation.

Journal of biomedical informatics
OBJECTIVE: The paper introduces a framework for the evaluation of the encoding of factual scientific knowledge, designed to streamline the manual evaluation process typically conducted by domain experts. Inferring over and extracting information from...

Predicting multiple sclerosis disease progression and outcomes with machine learning and MRI-based biomarkers: a review.

Journal of neurology
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating neurological disorder with a highly heterogeneous clinical presentation and course of progression. Disease-modifying therapies are the only available treatment, as there is no known cure for the disease. Car...

Mapping Biomaterial Complexity by Machine Learning.

Tissue engineering. Part A
Biomaterials often have subtle properties that ultimately drive their bespoke performance. Given this nuanced structure-function behavior, the standard scientific approach of one experiment at a time or design of experiment methods is largely ineffic...

Encoding innate ability through a genomic bottleneck.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Animals are born with extensive innate behavioral capabilities, which arise from neural circuits encoded in the genome. However, the information capacity of the genome is orders of magnitude smaller than that needed to specify the connectivity of an ...

Generative AI as a tool for truth.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
Conversation with a trained chatbot can reduce conspiratorial beliefs.

Prediction of Vascular Access Stenosis by Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network Using Blood Flow Sound Signals.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
This research examines the application of non-invasive acoustic analysis for detecting obstructions in vascular access (fistulas) used by kidney dialysis patients. Obstructions in these fistulas can interrupt essential dialysis treatment. In this stu...

Developing a Machine Learning 'Smart' Polymerase Chain Reaction Thermocycler Part 2: Putting the Theoretical Framework into Practice.

Genes
The introduction of PCR into forensic science and the rapid increases in the sensitivity, specificity and discrimination power of DNA profiling that followed have been fundamental in shaping the field of forensic biology. Despite these developments, ...

Should AI models be explainable to clinicians?

Critical care (London, England)
In the high-stakes realm of critical care, where daily decisions are crucial and clear communication is paramount, comprehending the rationale behind Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven decisions appears essential. While AI has the potential to impro...