AIMC Topic: Large Language Models

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Customized GPT-4V(ision) for radiographic diagnosis: can large language model detect supernumerary teeth?

BMC oral health
BACKGROUND: With the growing capabilities of language models like ChatGPT to process text and images, this study evaluated their accuracy in detecting supernumerary teeth on periapical radiographs. A customized GPT-4V model (CGPT-4V) was also develop...

A Comparison of Responses from Human Therapists and Large Language Model-Based Chatbots to Assess Therapeutic Communication: Mixed Methods Study.

JMIR mental health
BACKGROUND: Consumers are increasingly using large language model-based chatbots to seek mental health advice or intervention due to ease of access and limited availability of mental health professionals. However, their suitability and safety for men...

Effective and Explainable Molecular Property Prediction by Chain-of-Thought Enabled Large Language Models and Multi-Modal Molecular Information Fusion.

Journal of chemical information and modeling
Molecular property prediction (MPP) plays a critical role in drug design and discovery. Due to the multimodal nature of molecular data (e.g., 1D SMILES strings and 2D molecular graphs), multimodal information fusion can generally achieve better perfo...

Assessing the Accuracy and Reliability of Large Language Models in Psychiatry Using Standardized Multiple-Choice Questions: Cross-Sectional Study.

Journal of medical Internet research
BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs), such as OpenAI's GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and GPT-4o, have garnered early and significant enthusiasm for their potential applications within mental health, ranging from documentation support to chat-bot therapy. Under...

Use of Large Language Models in Clinical Cancer Research.

JCO clinical cancer informatics
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being applied to clinical cancer research, driving precision oncology objectives by gathering clinical data at scales that were not previously possible. Although small, domain-specific models have been use...

Benchmarking the Confidence of Large Language Models in Answering Clinical Questions: Cross-Sectional Evaluation Study.

JMIR medical informatics
BACKGROUND: The capabilities of large language models (LLMs) to self-assess their own confidence in answering questions within the biomedical realm remain underexplored.

Patient Triage and Guidance in Emergency Departments Using Large Language Models: Multimetric Study.

Journal of medical Internet research
BACKGROUND: Emergency departments (EDs) face significant challenges due to overcrowding, prolonged waiting times, and staff shortages, leading to increased strain on health care systems. Efficient triage systems and accurate departmental guidance are...

Predicting Immunotherapy Response in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comparative Study of Large Language Models and Human Experts.

Journal of medical systems
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive cancer with limited biomarkers for predicting immunotherapy response. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4, GPT-4o, and Gemini offer the potential for enhancing clinical decisi...

Using Large Language Models for Advanced and Flexible Labelling of Protocol Deviations in Clinical Development.

Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
BACKGROUND: As described in ICH E3 Q&A R1 (International Council for Harmonisation. E3: Structure and content of clinical study reports-questions and answers (R1). 6 July 2012. Available from: https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/E3_Q%26As_R1...

A controlled trial examining large Language model conformity in psychiatric assessment using the Asch paradigm.

BMC psychiatry
BACKGROUND: Despite significant advances in AI-driven medical diagnostics, the integration of large language models (LLMs) into psychiatric practice presents unique challenges. While LLMs demonstrate high accuracy in controlled settings, their perfor...