AIMC Topic: Large Language Models

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Large Language Model Architectures in Health Care: Scoping Review of Research Perspectives.

Journal of medical Internet research
BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) can support health care professionals in their daily work, for example, when writing and filing reports or communicating diagnoses. With the rise of LLMs, current research investigates how LLMs could be applie...

Assessment of Large Language Model Performance on Medical School Essay-Style Concept Appraisal Questions: Exploratory Study.

JMIR medical education
Bing Chat (subsequently renamed Microsoft Copilot)-a ChatGPT 4.0-based large language model-demonstrated comparable performance to medical students in answering essay-style concept appraisals, while assessors struggled to differentiate artificial int...

Clinical feasibility of AI Doctors: Evaluating the replacement potential of large language models in outpatient settings for central nervous system tumors.

International journal of medical informatics
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The treatment of central nervous system (CNS) tumors is complex and resource-intensive, with higher mortality in underserved regions. Large language models (LLMs) show promise in medical support, but their real-world perfor...

Role of large language models in mental health research: an international survey of researchers' practices and perspectives.

BMJ mental health
BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) offer significant potential to streamline research workflows and enhance productivity. However, limited data exist on the extent of their adoption within the mental health research community.

Large Language Models and the Analyses of Adherence to Reporting Guidelines in Systematic Reviews and Overviews of Reviews (PRISMA 2020 and PRIOR).

Journal of medical systems
In the context of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP), Systematic Reviews (SRs), Meta-Analyses (MAs) and overview of reviews have become cornerstones for the synthesis of research findings. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Anal...

Enhancing Pulmonary Disease Prediction Using Large Language Models With Feature Summarization and Hybrid Retrieval-Augmented Generation: Multicenter Methodological Study Based on Radiology Report.

Journal of medical Internet research
BACKGROUND: The rapid advancements in natural language processing, particularly the development of large language models (LLMs), have opened new avenues for managing complex clinical text data. However, the inherent complexity and specificity of medi...

Evaluating large language models for information extraction from gastroscopy and colonoscopy reports through multi-strategy prompting.

Journal of biomedical informatics
OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate large language models (LLMs) for automated information extraction from gastroscopy and colonoscopy reports through prompt engineering, addressing their ability to extract structured information, recognize complex...

Detecting the clinical features of difficult-to-treat depression using synthetic data from large language models.

Computers in biology and medicine
Difficult-to-treat depression (DTD) has been proposed as a broader and more clinically comprehensive perspective on a person's depressive disorder where, despite treatment, they continue to experience significant burden. We sought to develop a tool c...

Assessing the accuracy and consistency of large language models in triaging social media posts for psychological distress.

Psychiatry research
Advances in artificial intelligence, particularly in natural language processing, offer promising tools for addressing mental health challenges in online contexts, potentially identifying at-risk individuals and informing timely interventions. This s...

Role of Large Language Models for Suggesting Nerve Involvement in Upper Limbs MRI Reports with Muscle Denervation Signs.

Clinical neuroradiology
OBJECTIVES: Determining the involvement of specific peripheral nerves (PNs) in the upper limb associated with signs of muscle denervation can be challenging. This study aims to develop, compare, and validate various large language models (LLMs) to au...