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Motor Cortex

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Preservation of hand movement representation in the sensorimotor areas of amputees.

Brain : a journal of neurology
Denervation due to amputation is known to induce cortical reorganization in the sensorimotor cortex. Although there is evidence that reorganization does not lead to a complete loss of the representation of the phantom limb, it is unclear to what exte...

A Deep Learning Scheme for Motor Imagery Classification based on Restricted Boltzmann Machines.

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
Motor imagery classification is an important topic in brain-computer interface (BCI) research that enables the recognition of a subject's intension to, e.g., implement prosthesis control. The brain dynamics of motor imagery are usually measured by el...

tDCS does not enhance the effects of robot-assisted gait training in patients with subacute stroke.

Restorative neurology and neuroscience
BACKGROUND: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, which can modulate cortical excitability and combined with rehabilitation therapies may improve motor recovery after stroke.

Improved grasp function with transcranial direct current stimulation in chronic spinal cord injury.

NeuroRehabilitation
BACKGROUND: Recovering hand function has important implications for improving independence of patients with tetraplegia after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation techniqu...

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the primary motor cortex and robot-assisted arm training in chronic incomplete cervical spinal cord injury: A proof of concept sham-randomized clinical study.

NeuroRehabilitation
BACKGROUND: After cervical spinal cord injury, current options for treatment of upper extremity motor functions have been limited to traditional approaches. However, there is a substantial need to explore more rigorous alternative treatments to facil...

A cortically-inspired model for inverse kinematics computation of a humanoid finger with mechanically coupled joints.

Bioinspiration & biomimetics
The human hand's versatility allows for robust and flexible grasping. To obtain such efficiency, many robotic hands include human biomechanical features such as fingers having their two last joints mechanically coupled. Although such coupling enables...

Modeling the motor cortex: Optimality, recurrent neural networks, and spatial dynamics.

Neuroscience research
Specialization of motor function in the frontal lobe was first discovered in the seminal experiments by Fritsch and Hitzig and subsequently by Ferrier in the 19th century. It is, however, ironical that the functional and computational role of the mot...

Best facilitated cortical activation during different stepping, treadmill, and robot-assisted walking training paradigms and speeds: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy neuroimaging study.

NeuroRehabilitation
BACKGROUND: Robot-assisted and treadmill-gait training are promising neurorehabilitation techniques, with advantages over conventional gait training, but the neural substrates underpinning locomotor control remain unknown particularly during differen...

Learning to Produce Syllabic Speech Sounds via Reward-Modulated Neural Plasticity.

PloS one
At around 7 months of age, human infants begin to reliably produce well-formed syllables containing both consonants and vowels, a behavior called canonical babbling. Over subsequent months, the frequency of canonical babbling continues to increase. H...