AIMC Topic: Brain

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Development and validation of the automated imaging differentiation in parkinsonism (AID-P): a multicentre machine learning study.

The Lancet. Digital health
BACKGROUND: Development of valid, non-invasive biomarkers for parkinsonian syndromes is crucially needed. We aimed to assess whether non-invasive diffusion-weighted MRI can distinguish between parkinsonian syndromes using an automated imaging approac...

Identifying schizophrenia subgroups using clustering and supervised learning.

Schizophrenia research
Schizophrenia has a 1% incidence rate world-wide and those diagnosed present with positive (e.g. hallucinations, delusions), negative (e.g. apathy, asociality), and cognitive symptoms. However, both symptom burden and associated brain alterations are...

A 3D Spatially Weighted Network for Segmentation of Brain Tissue From MRI.

IEEE transactions on medical imaging
The segmentation of brain tissue in MRI is valuable for extracting brain structure to aid diagnosis, treatment and tracking the progression of different neurologic diseases. Medical image data are volumetric and some neural network models for medical...

Toward an interpretable Alzheimer's disease diagnostic model with regional abnormality representation via deep learning.

NeuroImage
In this paper, we propose a novel method for magnetic resonance imaging based Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosis that systematically integrates voxel-based, region-based, and patch-based approaches into a unified fr...

A critique of pure learning and what artificial neural networks can learn from animal brains.

Nature communications
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have undergone a revolution, catalyzed by better supervised learning algorithms. However, in stark contrast to young animals (including humans), training such networks requires enormous numbers of labeled examples, l...

Characterizing functional regional homogeneity (ReHo) as a B-SNIP psychosis biomarker using traditional and machine learning approaches.

Schizophrenia research
BACKGROUND: Recently, a biologically-driven psychosis classification (B-SNIP Biotypes) was derived using brain-based cognitive and electrophysiological markers. Here, we characterized a local functional-connectivity measure, regional homogeneity (ReH...

Moving in time: Simulating how neural circuits enable rhythmic enactment of planned sequences.

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society
Many complex actions are mentally pre-composed as plans that specify orderings of simpler actions. To be executed accurately, planned orderings must become active in working memory, and then enacted one-by-one until the sequence is complete. Examples...

Stochasticity from function - Why the Bayesian brain may need no noise.

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society
An increasing body of evidence suggests that the trial-to-trial variability of spiking activity in the brain is not mere noise, but rather the reflection of a sampling-based encoding scheme for probabilistic computing. Since the precise statistical p...

One or two minds? Neural network modeling of decision making by the unified self.

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society
Ever since the seminal work of Tversky and Kahneman starting in the late 1960s, it has generally been accepted that many characteristic human decision patterns do not follow the norms of economic theories based on rational utility maximization and co...

Multi-view learning-based data proliferator for boosting classification using highly imbalanced classes.

Journal of neuroscience methods
BACKGROUND: Multi-view data representation learning explores the relationship between the views and provides rich complementary information that can improve computer-aided diagnosis. Specifically, existing machine learning methods devised to automate...