Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
Feb 23, 2020
The availability of multidimensional data together with the development of modern techniques for data analysis represent an exceptional opportunity for clinical pharmacology. Data science-defined in this special issue as the novel approaches to the c...
The neural mechanisms that support naturalistic learning via effective pedagogical approaches remain elusive. Here we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure brain activity from instructor-learner dyads simultaneously during dynamic con...
Behavioral data shows that humans and animals have the capacity to learn rules of associations applied to specific examples, and generalize these rules to a broad variety of contexts. This article focuses on neural circuit mechanisms to perform a con...
Humans and animals do not only keep track of time intervals but they can also make decisions about durations. Temporal bisection is a psychophysical task that is widely used to assess the latter ability via categorization of durations as short or lon...
Haptic exploration is a key skill for both robots and humans to discriminate and handle unknown objects or to recognize familiar objects. Its active nature is evident in humans who from early on reliably acquire sophisticated sensory-motor capabiliti...
While prosthetic fitting after upper-limb loss allows for restoration of motor functions, it deprives the amputee of tactile sensations that are essential for grasp control in able-bodied subjects. Therefore, it is commonly assumed that restoring the...
The field of precision medicine aims to tailor treatment based on patient-specific factors in a reproducible way. To this end, estimating an optimal individualized treatment regime (ITR) that recommends treatment decisions based on patient characteri...
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
Dec 16, 2019
Understanding how the brain forms representations of structured information distributed in time is a challenging endeavour for the neuroscientific community, requiring computationally and neurobiologically informed approaches. The neural mechanisms f...
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
Dec 16, 2019
Combinatorial generalization-the ability to understand and produce novel combinations of already familiar elements-is considered to be a core capacity of the human mind and a major challenge to neural network models. A significant body of research su...
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
Dec 16, 2019
In the last decade, deep artificial neural networks have achieved astounding performance in many natural language-processing tasks. Given the high productivity of language, these models must possess effective generalization abilities. It is widely as...
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