AIMC Topic: Propensity Score

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PSR-MAPMS: A new approach for the interpretable prediction of myelin autoantigenic peptides in multiple sclerosis using multi-source propensity scores.

Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society
Within the central nervous system, the myelin sheath is composed of elements known as myelin autoantigens that are mistakenly targeted by the immune system in multiple sclerosis (MS). This autoimmune attack leads to the destruction of myelin, resulti...

Causal insights from clinical information in radiology: Enhancing future multimodal AI development.

Computer methods and programs in biomedicine
PURPOSE: This study investigates the causal mechanisms underlying radiology report generation by analyzing how clinical information and prior imaging examinations contribute to annotation shifts. We systematically estimate why and how biases manifest...

Use of Machine Learning to Compare Disease Risk Scores and Propensity Scores Across Complex Confounding Scenarios: A Simulation Study.

Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
PURPOSE: The surge of treatments for COVID-19 in the second quarter of 2020 had a low prevalence of treatment and high outcome risk. Motivated by that, we conducted a simulation study comparing disease risk scores (DRS) and propensity scores (PS) usi...

A novel artificial intelligence-based methodology to predict non-specific response to treatment.

Psychiatry research
Non-specific response to treatment (NSRT) is the primary contributor to the failure of randomized clinical trials in major depressive disorder (MDD). The objective of this study is to develop artificial neural network (ANN) models to predict the indi...

Healthcare resource utilization for the management of neonatal head shape deformities: a propensity-matched analysis of AI-assisted and conventional approaches.

Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics
OBJECTIVE: Overuse of radiography studies and underuse of conservative therapies for cranial deformities in neonates is a known inefficiency in pediatric craniofacial healthcare. This study sought to establish whether the introduction of artificial i...

How Effective Are Machine Learning and Doubly Robust Estimators in Incorporating High-Dimensional Proxies to Reduce Residual Confounding?

Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
BACKGROUND: Residual confounding presents a persistent challenge in observational studies, particularly in high-dimensional settings. High-dimensional proxy adjustment methods, such as the high-dimensional propensity score (hdPS), are widely used to ...

An artificial intelligence-based gout management system reduced chronic kidney disease incident and improved target serum urate achievement.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)
OBJECTIVES: Stage ≥3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects ∼25% of people with gout. The effects of urate-lowering therapy (ULT) on CKD incidence and progression have remained inconclusive. Here, we assessed the impact of a gout ULT clinic interventio...

Is there a competitive advantage to using multivariate statistical or machine learning methods over the Bross formula in the hdPS framework for bias and variance estimation?

PloS one
PURPOSE: We aim to evaluate various proxy selection methods within the context of high-dimensional propensity score (hdPS) analysis. This study aimed to systematically evaluate and compare the performance of traditional statistical methods and machin...

Feasibility and safety of robotic liver resection for huge (≥10 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma in a single centre: A propensity score-matched single-surgeon study.

The international journal of medical robotics + computer assisted surgery : MRCAS
BACKGROUND: The applicability of robot-assisted resection for huge hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of ≥10 cm remains contentious with limited available data.

Propensity Score Matched Comparison of Robotic Single-Site and Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the feasibility and potential of robotic single-site cholecystectomy, the study aimed to compare it with conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy.