AIMC Topic: Retrospective Studies

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Potential Role of Generative Adversarial Networks in Enhancing Brain Tumors.

JCO clinical cancer informatics
PURPOSE: Contrast enhancement is necessary for visualizing, diagnosing, and treating brain tumors. Through this study, we aimed to examine the potential role of general adversarial neural networks in generating artificial intelligence-based enhanceme...

Implementation of a machine learning model in acute coronary syndrome and stroke risk assessment for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms.

Taiwanese journal of obstetrics & gynecology
OBJECTIVE: The global population is aging and the burden of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is expected to increase. According to the National Health Insurance Research Database, our previous studies have showed LUTS may predispose patients to ca...

AI-enhanced Mammography With Digital Breast Tomosynthesis for Breast Cancer Detection: Clinical Value and Comparison With Human Performance.

Radiology. Imaging cancer
Purpose To compare two deep learning-based commercially available artificial intelligence (AI) systems for mammography with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and benchmark them against the performance of radiologists. Materials and Methods This retr...

Stepwise Transfer Learning for Expert-level Pediatric Brain Tumor MRI Segmentation in a Limited Data Scenario.

Radiology. Artificial intelligence
Purpose To develop, externally test, and evaluate clinical acceptability of a deep learning pediatric brain tumor segmentation model using stepwise transfer learning. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, the authors leveraged two T2-wei...

Interobserver Agreement and Performance of Concurrent AI Assistance for Radiographic Evaluation of Knee Osteoarthritis.

Radiology
Background Due to conflicting findings in the literature, there are concerns about a lack of objectivity in grading knee osteoarthritis (KOA) on radiographs. Purpose To examine how artificial intelligence (AI) assistance affects the performance and i...

Improving Automated Hemorrhage Detection at Sparse-View CT via U-Net-based Artifact Reduction.

Radiology. Artificial intelligence
Purpose To explore the potential benefits of deep learning-based artifact reduction in sparse-view cranial CT scans and its impact on automated hemorrhage detection. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, a U-Net was trained for artifact ...

Performance of an Open-Source Large Language Model in Extracting Information from Free-Text Radiology Reports.

Radiology. Artificial intelligence
Purpose To assess the performance of a local open-source large language model (LLM) in various information extraction tasks from real-life emergency brain MRI reports. Materials and Methods All consecutive emergency brain MRI reports written in 2022 ...

Impact of Transfer Learning Using Local Data on Performance of a Deep Learning Model for Screening Mammography.

Radiology. Artificial intelligence
Purpose To investigate the issues of generalizability and replication of deep learning models by assessing performance of a screening mammography deep learning system developed at New York University (NYU) on a local Australian dataset. Materials and...

Robot-assisted distal gastrectomy and local resection for gastric cancer and gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

Asian journal of endoscopic surgery
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors surrounding the esophagogastric junction are often challenging to resect, with no consensus regarding the optimal surgical technique. Here in, we present a case of concurrent gastric cancer in the antrum and gastrointe...

A Comparison of Five Algorithmic Methods and Machine Learning Pattern Recognition for Artifact Detection in Electronic Records of Five Different Vital Signs: A Retrospective Analysis.

Anesthesiology
BACKGROUND: Research on electronic health record physiologic data is common, invariably including artifacts. Traditionally, these artifacts have been handled using simple filter techniques. The authors hypothesized that different artifact detection a...