AIMC Topic: Artificial Intelligence

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Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Segmentation of a Falx Cerebri Calcification on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: A Case Report.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
Intracranial calcifications, particularly within the falx cerebri, serve as crucial diagnostic markers ranging from benign accumulations to signs of severe pathologies. The falx cerebri, a dural fold that separates the cerebral hemispheres, presents ...

Screening for Depression and Anxiety Using a Nonverbal Working Memory Task in a Sample of Older Brazilians: Observational Study of Preliminary Artificial Intelligence Model Transferability.

JMIR formative research
BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depression represent prevalent yet frequently undetected mental health concerns within the older population. The challenge of identifying these conditions presents an opportunity for artificial intelligence (AI)-driven, remote...

Employing artificial intelligence for optimising antibiotic dosages in sepsis on intensive care unit: a study protocol for a prospective observational study (KI.SEP).

BMJ open
INTRODUCTION: In sepsis treatment, achieving and maintaining effective antibiotic therapy is crucial. However, optimal antibiotic dosing faces challenges due to significant variability among patients with sepsis. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), th...

Acute kidney disease in hospitalized pediatric patients: risk prediction based on an artificial intelligence approach.

Renal failure
BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) and acute kidney disease (AKD) are prevalent among pediatric patients, both linked to increased mortality and extended hospital stays. Early detection of kidney injury is crucial for improving outcomes. This stud...

Development and Clinical Validation of Visual Inspection With Acetic Acid Application-Artificial Intelligence Tool Using Cervical Images in Screen-and-Treat Visual Screening for Cervical Cancer in South India: A Pilot Study.

JCO global oncology
PURPOSE: The burden of cervical cancer in India is enormous, with more than 60,000 deaths being reported in 2020. The key intervention in the WHO's global strategy for the elimination of cervical cancer is to aim for the treatment and care of 90% of ...

Evaluating generative artificial intelligence's limitations in health policy identification and interpretation.

PloS one
Policy epidemiology utilizes human subject-matter experts (SMEs) to systematically surface, analyze, and categorize legally-enforceable policies. The Analysis and Mapping of Policies for Emerging Infectious Diseases project systematically collects an...

Artificial intelligence in surgical pathology - Where do we stand, where do we go?

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology
Surgical and neuropathologists continuously search for new and disease-specific features, such as independent predictors of tumor prognosis or determinants of tumor entities and sub-entities. This is a task where artificial intelligence (AI)/machine ...

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Assessment of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography for Intermediate Stenosis: Comparison With Quantitative Coronary Angiography and Fractional Flow Reserve.

The American journal of cardiology
We aimed to compare artificial intelligence (AI)-based coronary stenosis evaluation of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) with its quantitative counterpart of invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR)...

Performance and Reproducibility of Large Language Models in Named Entity Recognition: Considerations for the Use in Controlled Environments.

Drug safety
INTRODUCTION: Recent artificial intelligence (AI) advances can generate human-like responses to a wide range of queries, making them a useful tool for healthcare applications. Therefore, the potential use of large language models (LLMs) in controlled...

Self-improving generative foundation model for synthetic medical image generation and clinical applications.

Nature medicine
In many clinical and research settings, the scarcity of high-quality medical imaging datasets has hampered the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) clinical applications. This issue is particularly pronounced in less common conditions, underrepr...