AIMC Topic: Bias

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Artificial intelligence as a diagnostic aid in cross-sectional radiological imaging of the abdominopelvic cavity: a protocol for a systematic review.

BMJ open Oct 20, 2021
INTRODUCTION: The application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies as a diagnostic aid in healthcare is increasing. Benefits include applications to improve health systems, such as rapid and accurate interpretation of medical images. This may...
Systematic Reviews as Topic Diagnostic Imaging Bias Humans Artificial Intelligence Cross-Sectional Studies Radiography
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Robust Machine Learning for Treatment Effects in Multilevel Observational Studies Under Cluster-level Unmeasured Confounding.

Psychometrika Oct 15, 2021
Recently, machine learning (ML) methods have been used in causal inference to estimate treatment effects in order to reduce concerns for model mis-specification. However, many ML methods require that all confounders are measured to consistently estim...
Humans Machine Learning Causality Bias Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic Psychometrics Child, Preschool Longitudinal Studies
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Artificial intelligence for pre-operative lymph node staging in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMC cancer Sep 26, 2021
BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used in medical imaging analysis. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of AI models used for detection of lymph node metastasis on pre-operative staging imaging for colorectal can...
Sensitivity and Specificity Colorectal Neoplasms Deep Learning Artificial Intelligence Tomography, X-Ray Computed Magnetic Resonance Imaging Bias Radiologists ROC Curve Lymph Nodes Lymphatic Metastasis Humans Publication Bias Rectal Neoplasms Preoperative Care
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Making the Right Call: Human Biases and Still Learning Machines.

Stroke Sep 9, 2021
Learning Bias Humans Machine Learning
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Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Bias Detection in COVID CT-Scan Classifiers.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 23, 2021
PROBLEM: An application of Explainable Artificial Intelligence Methods for COVID CT-Scan classifiers is presented.
SARS-CoV-2 Bias Artificial Intelligence COVID-19 Tomography, X-Ray Computed Humans
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Systematic Investigation of Error Distribution in Machine Learning Algorithms Applied to the Quantum-Chemistry QM9 Data Set Using the Bias and Variance Decomposition.

Journal of chemical information and modeling Aug 13, 2021
Most machine learning applications in quantum-chemistry (QC) data sets rely on a single statistical error parameter such as the mean square error (MSE) to evaluate their performance. However, this approach has limitations or can even yield incorrect ...
Machine Learning Algorithms Bias
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Explaining distortions in metacognition with an attractor network model of decision uncertainty.

PLoS computational biology Jul 26, 2021
Metacognition is the ability to reflect on, and evaluate, our cognition and behaviour. Distortions in metacognition are common in mental health disorders, though the neural underpinnings of such dysfunction are unknown. One reason for this is that mo...
Judgment Uncertainty Metacognition Psychomotor Performance Mental Disorders Linear Models Computational Biology Humans Models, Psychological Models, Neurological Decision Making Neural Networks, Computer Bias
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Challenges in Obtaining Valid Causal Effect Estimates with Machine Learning Algorithms.

American journal of epidemiology Jul 15, 2021
Unlike parametric regression, machine learning (ML) methods do not generally require precise knowledge of the true data generating mechanisms. As such, numerous authors have advocated for ML methods to estimate causal effects. Unfortunately, ML algor...
Humans Machine Learning Bias Algorithms Causality Monte Carlo Method Models, Statistical Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic
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Protocol for development of a reporting guideline (TRIPOD-AI) and risk of bias tool (PROBAST-AI) for diagnostic and prognostic prediction model studies based on artificial intelligence.

BMJ open Jul 9, 2021
INTRODUCTION: The Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model of Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) statement and the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST) were both published to improve the reporting and criti...
Checklist Humans Artificial Intelligence Research Design Prognosis Risk Assessment Bias
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Cardiothoracic ratio measurement using artificial intelligence: observer and method validation studies.

BMC medical imaging Jun 7, 2021
BACKGROUND: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a promising tool for cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) measurement that has been technically validated but not clinically evaluated on a large dataset. We observed and validated AI and manual methods for CTR measu...
Cardiomegaly Young Adult Observer Variation Adult Radiography, Thoracic Female Male Humans Thoracic Cavity Adolescent Aged Middle Aged Artificial Intelligence Bias Aged, 80 and over Deep Learning
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