AIMC Topic: Diagnosis, Differential

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Identifying melanoma among benign simulators - Is there a role for deep learning convolutional neural networks? (MelSim Study).

European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) Aug 10, 2025
IMPORTANCE: Early detection of cutaneous melanoma (CM) is crucial for patient survival, yet avoiding overdiagnosis remains essential. Differentiating CM from benign melanoma simulators (MelSim) is challenging due to overlapping features. Deep learnin...
Humans Neural Networks, Computer Male ROC Curve Early Detection of Cancer Middle Aged Diagnosis, Differential Deep Learning Dermatologists Convolutional Neural Networks Dermoscopy Female Adult Melanoma Sensitivity and Specificity Skin Neoplasms Cross-Sectional Studies
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Deep Learning-aided H-MR Spectroscopy for Differentiating between Patients with and without Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Aug 9, 2025
PURPOSE: Among patients with hepatitis B virus-associated liver cirrhosis (HBV-LC), there may be differences in the hepatic parenchyma between those with and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Proton MR spectroscopy (H-MRS) is a well-established...
Adult Male Middle Aged Deep Learning Humans Neural Networks, Computer Female Aged Magnetic Resonance Imaging Liver Diagnosis, Differential Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Liver Neoplasms Carcinoma, Hepatocellular Hepatitis B Liver Cirrhosis
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Combined nomogram for differentiating adrenal pheochromocytoma from large-diameter lipid-poor adenoma using multiphase CT radiomics and clinico-radiological features.

BMC medical imaging Aug 4, 2025
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Adrenal incidentalomas (AIs) are predominantly adrenal adenomas (80%), with a smaller proportion (7%) being pheochromocytomas(PHEO). Adenomas are typically non-functional tumors managed through observation or medication, wit...
Aged Adult Radiomics Male Humans Retrospective Studies Tomography, X-Ray Computed Female Adrenal Gland Neoplasms Pheochromocytoma Middle Aged Nomograms Adenoma Diagnosis, Differential
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Effectiveness of Radiomics-Based Machine Learning Models in Differentiating Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of medical Internet research Jul 31, 2025
BACKGROUND: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and mass-forming pancreatitis (MFP) share similar clinical, laboratory, and imaging features, making accurate diagnosis challenging. Nevertheless, PDAC is highly malignant with a poor prognosis, whe...
Humans Machine Learning Radiomics Diagnosis, Differential Pancreatic Neoplasms Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal Pancreatitis
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WSDC-ViT: a novel transformer network for pneumonia image classification based on windows scalable attention and dynamic rectified linear unit convolutional modules.

Scientific reports Jul 30, 2025
Accurate differential diagnosis of pneumonia remains a challenging task, as different types of pneumonia require distinct treatment strategies. Early and precise diagnosis is crucial for minimizing the risk of misdiagnosis and for effectively guiding...
Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Diagnosis, Differential Pneumonia Neural Networks, Computer Algorithms Tomography, X-Ray Computed Humans
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Differentiation of COVID-19 from other types of viral pneumonia and severity scoring on baseline chest radiographs: Comparison of deep learning with multi-reader evaluation.

PloS one Jul 29, 2025
Chest X-ray (CXR) imaging plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and prognosis of viral pneumonia. However, distinguishing COVID-19 CXRs from other viral infections remains challenging due to highly similar radiographic features. Most existing deep le...
Middle Aged Severity of Illness Index Deep Learning Diagnosis, Differential SARS-CoV-2 Aged Radiography, Thoracic Adult Humans Community-Acquired Infections Male Pneumonia, Viral COVID-19 Female
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Machine learning and discriminant analysis model for predicting benign and malignant pulmonary nodules.

BMC medical informatics and decision making Jul 18, 2025
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary Nodules (PNs) are a trend considered as the early manifestation of lung cancer. Among them, PNs that remain stable for more than two years or whose pathological results suggest not being lung cancer are considered benign PNs (BP...
Adult Male Middle Aged Case-Control Studies Lung Neoplasms Multiple Pulmonary Nodules Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Diagnosis, Differential Humans Machine Learning Female Aged Discriminant Analysis
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A Machine Learning Approach to Differentiate Cold and Hot Syndrome in Viral Pneumonia Integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine and Modern Medicine: Machine Learning Model Development and Validation.

JMIR medical informatics Jul 16, 2025
BACKGROUND: Syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an ancient principle that guides disease diagnosis and treatment. Among these, the cold and hot syndromes play a crucial role in identifying the nature of the disease and g...
Diagnosis, Differential Syndrome Pneumonia, Viral Female Humans Male Machine Learning Middle Aged Medicine, Chinese Traditional
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Performance of AI Chatbots in Preliminary Diagnosis of Maxillofacial Pathologies.

Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research Jul 9, 2025
BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown significant potential in transforming healthcare by enabling accurate, data-driven decision-making. This study compared the performance of the AI chatbots ChatGPT, Grok, Blackbox, and Claude AI in pre...
Adult Male Middle Aged Generative Artificial Intelligence Humans Artificial Intelligence Female Diagnosis, Differential Cysts
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Multiparameter MRI-based automatic segmentation and diagnostic models for the differentiation of intracranial solitary fibrous tumors and meningiomas.

Annals of medicine Jul 8, 2025
BACKGROUND: Intracranial solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) and meningiomas are meningeal tumors with different malignancy levels and prognoses. Their similar imaging features make preoperative differentiation difficult, resulting in high misdiagnosis ra...
Middle Aged Deep Learning Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Aged Meningioma Diagnosis, Differential Machine Learning Adult Meningeal Neoplasms Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Solitary Fibrous Tumors Retrospective Studies Male
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