AIMC Topic: Comparative Effectiveness Research

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Semantic Clinical Artificial Intelligence vs Native Large Language Model Performance on the USMLE.

JAMA network open Apr 1, 2025
IMPORTANCE: Large language models (LLMs) are being implemented in health care. Enhanced accuracy and methods to maintain accuracy over time are needed to maximize LLM benefits.
United States Semantics Large Language Models Licensure, Medical Comparative Effectiveness Research Humans Artificial Intelligence Language Educational Measurement
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R WE ready for reimbursement? A round up of developments in real-world evidence relating to health technology assessment: part 17.

Journal of comparative effectiveness research Nov 27, 2024
In this update, we discuss a position statement from the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) on the use of artificial intelligence for evidence generation and publications reviewing the use of real-world data as external control a...
Decision Making Technology Assessment, Biomedical Comparative Effectiveness Research Reimbursement Mechanisms Humans Artificial Intelligence
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Comparative Effectiveness Analysis of Lumpectomy and Mastectomy for Elderly Female Breast Cancer Patients: A Deep Learning-based Big Data Analysis.

The Yale journal of biology and medicine Sep 29, 2023
: To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of treatments, a randomized clinical trial remains the gold standard but can be challenged by a high cost, a limited sample size, an inability to fully reflect the real world, and feasibility concerns. The ...
Mastectomy, Segmental Comparative Effectiveness Research Female Aged Breast Neoplasms Deep Learning Big Data United States Mastectomy Medicare Humans
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Incorporating artificial intelligence in urology: Supervised machine learning algorithms demonstrate comparative advantage over nomograms in predicting biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy.

The Prostate Dec 2, 2021
OBJECTIVE: After radical prostatectomy (RP), one-third of patients will experience biochemical recurrence (BCR), which is associated with subsequent metastasis and cancer-specific mortality. We employed machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict BCR...
Artificial Intelligence Algorithms Biomarkers Computer Simulation Humans Risk Assessment Nomograms Regression Analysis Predictive Value of Tests Prognosis Reproducibility of Results Male Middle Aged Prostatectomy Recurrence Comparative Effectiveness Research Prostatic Neoplasms Neoplasm Staging Supervised Machine Learning Neoplasm Metastasis
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Establishing a carotid artery stenosis disease cohort for comparative effectiveness research using natural language processing.

Journal of vascular surgery Jun 25, 2021
OBJECTIVE: Investigation of asymptomatic carotid stenosis treatment is hindered by the lack of a contemporary population-based disease cohort. We describe the use of natural language processing (NLP) to identify stenosis in patients undergoing caroti...
Computed Tomography Angiography Carotid Stenosis Comparative Effectiveness Research Natural Language Processing Data Mining Ultrasonography, Doppler California International Classification of Diseases Magnetic Resonance Angiography Medical Records Asymptomatic Diseases Cross-Sectional Studies Severity of Illness Index Hemodynamics Predictive Value of Tests Humans Retrospective Studies
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Comparison of Machine Learning Methods With National Cardiovascular Data Registry Models for Prediction of Risk of Bleeding After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

JAMA network open Jul 3, 2019
IMPORTANCE: Better prediction of major bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may improve clinical decisions aimed to reduce bleeding risk. Machine learning techniques, bolstered by better selection of variables, hold promise for enh...
Comparative Effectiveness Research Clinical Decision Rules Risk Assessment United States Models, Statistical Postoperative Hemorrhage Registries Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Coronary Artery Disease Risk Adjustment Machine Learning Female Humans Aged Male
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Comparative effectiveness of human scope assistant versus robotic scope holder in laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer.

Surgical endoscopy Oct 17, 2018
BACKGROUND: Several types of robotic scope holders have been developed to date, but there are only some experimental reports or the results of small clinical cases. The Soloassist® system is a unique robotic scope holder with which the surgeon can co...
Colorectal Neoplasms Male Middle Aged Length of Stay Operative Time Robotics Laparoscopy Robotic Surgical Procedures Humans Retrospective Studies Female Aged Digestive System Surgical Procedures Comparative Effectiveness Research Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care
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Diagnostic assessment of a deep learning system for detecting atrial fibrillation in pulse waveforms.

Heart (British Cardiac Society) May 31, 2018
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of a deep learning system for automated detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) in photoplethysmographic (PPG) pulse waveforms.
Monitoring, Ambulatory Ventricular Premature Complexes Dimensional Measurement Accuracy Comparative Effectiveness Research Humans Female Aged Sensitivity and Specificity Photoplethysmography Electrocardiography Telemedicine Atrial Fibrillation Male Middle Aged Deep Learning Smartphone
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Enhancing Comparative Effectiveness Research With Automated Pediatric Pneumonia Detection in a Multi-Institutional Clinical Repository: A PHIS+ Pilot Study.

Journal of medical Internet research May 15, 2017
BACKGROUND: Community-acquired pneumonia is a leading cause of pediatric morbidity. Administrative data are often used to conduct comparative effectiveness research (CER) with sufficient sample sizes to enhance detection of important outcomes. Howeve...
Pneumonia Natural Language Processing Medical Informatics Comparative Effectiveness Research Humans Pilot Projects Child
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Natural language processing to ascertain two key variables from operative reports in ophthalmology.

Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety Jan 3, 2017
PURPOSE: Antibiotic prophylaxis is critical to ophthalmology and other surgical specialties. We performed natural language processing (NLP) of 743 838 operative notes recorded for 315 246 surgeries to ascertain two variables needed to study the compa...
Antibiotic Prophylaxis Intraoperative Complications Cataract Extraction Humans Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic Feasibility Studies Anti-Bacterial Agents Comparative Effectiveness Research Surgical Wound Infection Predictive Value of Tests Injections, Intraocular Posterior Capsular Rupture, Ocular Natural Language Processing
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