AIMC Topic: Humans

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ADPO: automatic-differentiation-assisted parametric optimization.

Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
Automatic differentiation (AD), a key method for accurately and efficiently computing derivatives in modern machine learning, is now implemented in Phoenix® NLME™ 8.6 for the first time and applied to the first-order conditional estimation extended l...

Using Machine Learning Methods to Predict Early Treatment Outcomes for Multidrug-Resistant or Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis to Enhance Patient Cure Rates: Development and Validation of Multiple Models.

Journal of medical Internet research
BACKGROUND: Early prediction of treatment outcomes for patients with multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) undergoing extended therapy is crucial for enhancing clinical prognoses and preventing the transmission of this ...

Transformative Impact of the Internet on the Boundaries for the Physician Profession: Why Materiality Matters.

Journal of medical Internet research
Over the last 25 years, the health care sector has undergone a digital transformation; health issues and medical conditions are increasingly managed with the support of digital health technology. The internet has transformed the boundaries around phy...

Large Language Models in Neurological Practice: Real-World Study.

Journal of medical Internet research
BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT (OpenAI) and Gemini (Google) are increasingly explored for their potential in medical diagnostics, including neurology. Their real-world applicability remains inadequately assessed, particularl...

Identification of type 2 diabetes- and obesity-associated human β-cells using deep transfer learning.

eLife
Diabetes affects >10% of adults worldwide and is caused by impaired production or response to insulin, resulting in chronic hyperglycemia. Pancreatic islet β-cells are the sole source of endogenous insulin, and our understanding of β-cell dysfunction...

Threshold optimization in AI chest radiography analysis: integrating real-world data and clinical subgroups.

European radiology experimental
BACKGROUND: Manufacturer-defined AI thresholds for chest x-ray (CXR) often lack customization options. Threshold optimization strategies utilizing users' clinical real-world data along with pathology-enriched validation data may better address subgro...

Motor unit number estimation based on convolutional neural network.

Journal of neural engineering
. The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) scan contains a muscle's detailed stimulus-activation information and thereby can be used for motor unit number estimation (MUNE). Due to the challenges in accurately obtaining the motor unit numbers from...

SERS mapping combined with explainable deep learning for exosome analysis to enhance lung cancer detection.

The Analyst
Exosomes are critical biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis and prognosis due to their rich biological information. Nevertheless, analyzing exosomal biomarkers comprehensively remains challenging. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been emp...