AI Medical Compendium Topic

Explore the latest research on artificial intelligence and machine learning in medicine.

Neural Pathways

Showing 1 to 10 of 140 articles

Clear Filters

Identifying ADHD-Related Abnormal Functional Connectivity with a Graph Convolutional Neural Network.

Neural plasticity
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The neural mechanisms underlying ADHD remain inadequately understood, and current approaches...

TractGeoNet: A geometric deep learning framework for pointwise analysis of tract microstructure to predict language assessment performance.

Medical image analysis
We propose a geometric deep-learning-based framework, TractGeoNet, for performing regression using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) tractography and associated pointwise tissue microstructure measurements. By employing a point cloud repres...

Deep multimodal saliency parcellation of cerebellar pathways: Linking microstructure and individual function through explainable multitask learning.

Human brain mapping
Parcellation of human cerebellar pathways is essential for advancing our understanding of the human brain. Existing diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tractography parcellation methods have been successful in defining major cerebellar fibre tracts,...

Sparse connectivity enables efficient information processing in cortex-like artificial neural networks.

Frontiers in neural circuits
Neurons in cortical networks are very sparsely connected; even neurons whose axons and dendrites overlap are highly unlikely to form a synaptic connection. What is the relevance of such sparse connectivity for a network's function? Surprisingly, it h...

Neuroevolution insights into biological neural computation.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
This article reviews existing work and future opportunities in neuroevolution, an area of machine learning in which evolutionary optimization methods such as genetic algorithms are used to construct neural networks to achieve desired behavior. The ar...

Classification of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Using Brain Functional Connectivity Strength and Machine Learning.

Neurogastroenterology and motility
BACKGROUND: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent condition characterized by dysregulated brain-gut interactions. Despite its widespread impact, the brain mechanism of IBS remains incompletely understood, and there is a lack of objective diag...

The role of the dopamine system in autism spectrum disorder revealed using machine learning: an ABIDE database-based study.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
This study explores the diagnostic value of dopamine system imaging characteristics in children with autism spectrum disorder. Functional magnetic resonance data from 551 children in the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database were analyzed, focu...

Differentiating Functional Connectivity Patterns in ADHD and Autism Among the Young People: A Machine Learning Solution.

Journal of attention disorders
OBJECTIVE: ADHD and autism are complex and frequently co-occurring neurodevelopmental conditions with shared etiological and pathophysiological elements. In this paper, we attempt to differentiate these conditions among the young people in terms of i...

A deep learning model for characterizing altered gyro-sulcal functional connectivity in abstinent males with methamphetamine use disorder and associated emotional symptoms.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
Failure to manage emotional withdrawal symptoms can exacerbate relapse to methamphetamine use. Understanding the neuro-mechanisms underlying methamphetamine overuse and the associated emotional withdrawal symptoms is crucial for developing effective ...

Alterations in static and dynamic functional network connectivity in chronic low back pain: a resting-state network functional connectivity and machine learning study.

Neuroreport
Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent pain condition whose persistence can lead to changes in the brain regions responsible for sensory, cognitive, attentional, and emotional processing. Previous neuroimaging studies have identified various structural a...