AI Medical Compendium Topic:
Radiography, Thoracic

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Learning to detect chest radiographs containing pulmonary lesions using visual attention networks.

Medical image analysis
Machine learning approaches hold great potential for the automated detection of lung nodules on chest radiographs, but training algorithms requires very large amounts of manually annotated radiographs, which are difficult to obtain. The increasing av...

A deep learning framework for unsupervised affine and deformable image registration.

Medical image analysis
Image registration, the process of aligning two or more images, is the core technique of many (semi-)automatic medical image analysis tasks. Recent studies have shown that deep learning methods, notably convolutional neural networks (ConvNets), can b...

A Computable Phenotype for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning.

AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a syndrome of respiratory failure that may be identified using text from radiology reports. The objective of this study was to determine whether natural language processing (NLP) with machine learning per...

Comparative effectiveness of convolutional neural network (CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN) architectures for radiology text report classification.

Artificial intelligence in medicine
This paper explores cutting-edge deep learning methods for information extraction from medical imaging free text reports at a multi-institutional scale and compares them to the state-of-the-art domain-specific rule-based system - PEFinder and traditi...

Automated detection of moderate and large pneumothorax on frontal chest X-rays using deep convolutional neural networks: A retrospective study.

PLoS medicine
BACKGROUND: Pneumothorax can precipitate a life-threatening emergency due to lung collapse and respiratory or circulatory distress. Pneumothorax is typically detected on chest X-ray; however, treatment is reliant on timely review of radiographs. Sinc...

Deep learning for chest radiograph diagnosis: A retrospective comparison of the CheXNeXt algorithm to practicing radiologists.

PLoS medicine
BACKGROUND: Chest radiograph interpretation is critical for the detection of thoracic diseases, including tuberculosis and lung cancer, which affect millions of people worldwide each year. This time-consuming task typically requires expert radiologis...

Synthesizing Chest X-Ray Pathology for Training Deep Convolutional Neural Networks.

IEEE transactions on medical imaging
Medical datasets are often highly imbalanced with over-representation of prevalent conditions and poor representation of rare medical conditions. Due to privacy concerns, it is challenging to aggregate large datasets between health care institutions....

Assessment of Convolutional Neural Networks for Automated Classification of Chest Radiographs.

Radiology
Purpose To assess the ability of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to enable high-performance automated binary classification of chest radiographs. Materials and Methods In a retrospective study, 216 431 frontal chest radiographs obtained between ...

Chest Radiographs in Congestive Heart Failure: Visualizing Neural Network Learning.

Radiology
Purpose To examine Generative Visual Rationales (GVRs) as a tool for visualizing neural network learning of chest radiograph features in congestive heart failure (CHF). Materials and Methods A total of 103 489 frontal chest radiographs in 46 712 pati...