AIMC Topic: Retrospective Studies

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Breast Cancer Classification in Automated Breast Ultrasound Using Multiview Convolutional Neural Network with Transfer Learning.

Ultrasound in medicine & biology
To assist radiologists in breast cancer classification in automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) imaging, we propose a computer-aided diagnosis based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) that classifies breast lesions as benign and malignant. The prop...

Detecting total hip replacement prosthesis design on plain radiographs using deep convolutional neural network.

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society
Identifying the design of a failed implant is a key step in the preoperative planning of revision total joint arthroplasty. Manual identification of the implant design from radiographic images is time-consuming and prone to error. Failure to identify...

Deep Learning for Automatic Calcium Scoring in CT: Validation Using Multiple Cardiac CT and Chest CT Protocols.

Radiology
Background Although several deep learning (DL) calcium scoring methods have achieved excellent performance for specific CT protocols, their performance in a range of CT examination types is unknown. Purpose To evaluate the performance of a DL method ...

Machine learning analysis plans for randomised controlled trials: detecting treatment effect heterogeneity with strict control of type I error.

Trials
BACKGROUND: Retrospective exploratory analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) seeking to identify treatment effect heterogeneity (TEH) are prone to bias and false positives. Yet the desire to learn all we can from exhaustive data measurements...

Automatic delineation of the clinical target volume and organs at risk by deep learning for rectal cancer postoperative radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Manual delineation of clinical target volumes (CTVs) and organs at risk (OARs) is time-consuming, and automatic contouring tools lack clinical validation. We aimed to construct and validate the use of convolutional neural netw...

Towards automated generation of curated datasets in radiology: Application of natural language processing to unstructured reports exemplified on CT for pulmonary embolism.

European journal of radiology
PURPOSE: To design and evaluate a self-trainable natural language processing (NLP)-based procedure to classify unstructured radiology reports. The method enabling the generation of curated datasets is exemplified on CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) repo...

Predicting 10-Year Risk of End-Organ Complications of Type 2 Diabetes With and Without Metabolic Surgery: A Machine Learning Approach.

Diabetes care
OBJECTIVE: To construct and internally validate prediction models to estimate the risk of long-term end-organ complications and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity that can be used to inform treatment decisions for patients and pra...

Automated differentiation of benign renal oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma on computed tomography using deep learning.

BJU international
OBJECTIVES: To develop and evaluate the feasibility of an objective method using artificial intelligence (AI) and image processing in a semi-automated fashion for tumour-to-cortex peak early-phase enhancement ratio (PEER) in order to differentiate CD...

Changes in cancer detection and false-positive recall in mammography using artificial intelligence: a retrospective, multireader study.

The Lancet. Digital health
BACKGROUND: Mammography is the current standard for breast cancer screening. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for diagnosis of breast cancer in mammography, and explore whether it could benefit radiologists by imp...