BACKGROUND: Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress-inducible cytokine and member of the transforming growth factor-β cytokine superfamily that refines prognostic assessment in subgroups of patients with heart failure (HF). We evaluated...
International journal of molecular sciences
40076962
Cell-mediated immunity and chronic inflammation are hallmarks of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a marker of inflammation and an integrative signal in stress conditions. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a tub...