AIMC Topic: Humans

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The reliability of a deep learning model in clinical out-of-distribution MRI data: A multicohort study.

Medical image analysis
Deep learning (DL) methods have in recent years yielded impressive results in medical imaging, with the potential to function as clinical aid to radiologists. However, DL models in medical imaging are often trained on public research cohorts with ima...

Development of machine learning-based preoperative predictive analytics for unruptured intracranial aneurysm surgery: a pilot study.

Acta neurochirurgica
BACKGROUND: The decision to treat unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) or not is complex and requires balancing of risk factors and scores. Machine learning (ML) algorithms have previously been effective at generating highly accurate and comprehe...

Working memory load-dependent changes in cortical network connectivity estimated by machine learning.

NeuroImage
Working memory engages multiple distributed brain networks to support goal-directed behavior and higher order cognition. Dysfunction in working memory has been associated with cognitive impairment in neuropsychiatric disorders. It is important to cha...

Efficacy of Real-Time Computer-Aided Detection of Colorectal Neoplasia in a Randomized Trial.

Gastroenterology
BACKGROUND & AIMS: One-fourth of colorectal neoplasias are missed during screening colonoscopies; these can develop into colorectal cancer (CRC). Deep learning systems allow for real-time computer-aided detection (CADe) of polyps with high accuracy. ...

Segmenting nailfold capillaries using an improved U-net network.

Microvascular research
To assess the microcirculation in a patient's capillaries, clinicians often use the valuable and non-invasive diagnostic tool of nailfold capillaroscopy (NC). In particular, evaluating the images that result from NC is particularly important for diag...

Cohort selection for clinical trials using multiple instance learning.

Journal of biomedical informatics
Identifying patients eligible for clinical trials using electronic health records (EHRs) is a challenging task usually requiring a comprehensive analysis of information stored in multiple EHRs of a patient. The goal of this study is to investigate di...

Predictive Modeling of Individual Human Cognition: Upper Bounds and a New Perspective on Performance.

Topics in cognitive science
Model evaluation is commonly performed by relying on aggregated data as well as relative metrics for model comparison and selection. In light of recent criticism about the prevailing perspectives on cognitive modeling, we investigate models for human...

How to do it: a robotic kidney autotransplant.

ANZ journal of surgery
We describe Australia's first reported case of robotic kidney autotransplantation for a complex renal artery aneurysm. It is potentially a safe, minimally invasive method of salvaging renal parenchyma and preservation of renal function in patients wi...

Investigation of pulmonary nodule classification using multi-scale residual network enhanced with 3DGAN-synthesized volumes.

Radiological physics and technology
It is often difficult to distinguish between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules using only image diagnosis. A biopsy is performed when malignancy is suspected based on CT examination. However, biopsies are highly invasive, and patients with benig...